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. 2021 Aug 22;10(8):1950. doi: 10.3390/foods10081950

Table 9.

The Penalty analysis and JAR variables (after tasting) for Low GI brown and Low GI white rice.

Rice Variable Correlation Coefficient a Level Selection% b Mean c Mean Drop d Penalty e
Low GI Brown Flavour −0.16 Too low 33.81 5.55 0.50
JAR 39.57 6.06 0.96 **
Too high 26.62 4.51 1.54
Fluffiness 0.19 Too low 35.97 5.0 0.83
JAR 51.80 5.83 0.74 **
Too much 12.23 5.35 0.48
Hardness −0.33 Not hard enough 5.76 5.38 0.81
JAR 35.25 6.18 1.10 *
Too hard 58.99 5.06 1.12
Chewiness 0.02 Too low 12.95 5.39 0.01
JAR 34.53 5.40 −0.12
Too much 52.52 5.55 −0.15
Low GI White Flavour 0.21 Too low 44.60 5.82 0.92
JAR 44.60 6.74 0.89 *
Too high 10.79 6.0 0.74
Fluffiness 0.12 Too low 20.86 5.31 1.39
JAR 64.03 6.70 1.24 *
Too much 15.11 5.67 1.03
Hardness −0.11 Not hard enough 15.83 5.68 0.97
JAR 60.43 6.66 1.02 *
Too hard 23.74 5.61 1.05
Chewiness 0.04 Too low 23.02 5.94 0.56
JAR 59.71 6.49 0.60 **
Too much 17.27 5.83 0.66

a The impact of JAR variables for Jasmine brown and white rice on the overall liking (Spearman’s correlation coefficient with a significance level α = 0.05). The correlation coefficients (between JAR attributes and overall liking) show how much JAR attributes have impacted (“low” or “high”) on overall liking for rice samples. When the correlation is positive, the “too little” has a bigger impact than the “too much”, and vice versa for the negative correlations. If correlation is “0” for a JAR attribute, then that attribute would have a strong impact on overall liking [35]. b Selection % is the percentage of consumers who rate the rice as too low, JAR, or too high on a given attribute. c Mean is the mean overall liking (9-point hedonic scale) of consumers who rated a given attribute as too low, JAR, or too high. d Mean drop is the decrease in liking compared to the mean liking of those who rated the attribute as JAR. e Penalty is a weighted difference between means (mean liking of JAR category minus the mean of liking for other two levels (too low and too high) taken together). * p ≤ 0.001, ** p ≤ 0.05.