Table 1.
(Sub)category proportions of foods containing TiO2 (E171) as food additive in the food supply for 2017 and 2020 (Slovenia).
| Food Category | 2017 | 2020 |
z-Test Statistic for Proportions |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | Added TiO2 N |
% (95% CI) | Sale-Weighted Proportion (%) | Total N | Added TiO2 N |
% (95% CI) | Sale-Weighted Proportion (%) | Proportion Change (95% CI) |
p-Value | |
| Chewing gum | 111 | 78 | 70.3 (61.8–78.8) | 85.5 | 138 | 34 | 24.6 (17.4–31.8) | 3.1 | 45.6 (34.5–56.8) | <0.01 |
| Jelly | 185 | 18 | 9.7 (5.5–14.0) | 14.8 | 159 | 7 | 4.4 (1.2–7.6) | 20.2 | 5.3 (0.0–10.6) | 0.03 |
| Processed fish products | 71 | 5 | 7.0 (1.1–13.0) | 19.3 | 87 | 6 | 6.9 (1.6–12.2) | 19.0 | 0.1 (−7.8–8.1) | ns |
| Cakes, muffins and pastry | 569 | 25 | 4.4 (2.7–6.1) | 3.0 | 639 | 11 | 1.7 (0.7–2.7) | 1.1 | 2.7 (0.7–4.6) | <0.01 |
| Chocolate and sweets | 1917 | 70 | 3.7 (2.9–4.5) | 2.8 | 2173 | 56 | 2.6 (1.9–3.2) | 1.1 | 1.1 (0.0–2.1) | 0.02 |
| Canned fish with vegetable | 60 | 1 | 1.7 (0.3–8.9) | * | 60 | 0 | ns | |||
| Sugar | 127 | 2 | 1.6 (0.4–5.6) | * | 108 | 0 | ns | |||
| Ice cream and edible ices | 431 | 6 | 1.4 (0.3–2.5) | 1.6 | 586 | 3 | 0.5 (0.0–1.1) | * | 0.9 (−0.4–2.1) | ns |
| Desserts | 207 | 2 | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | * | 298 | 0 | ns | |||
| Flavored yogurt | 419 | 3 | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) | * | 386 | 0 | ns | |||
| Cordials | 179 | 1 | 0.6 (0.1–3.1) | * | 190 | 0 | ns | |||
| Soup | 264 | 1 | 0.4 (0.1–2.1) | * | 257 | 1 | 0.4 (0.1–2.2) | * | 0.0 (−1.1–1.1) | ns |
| Biscuits | 1035 | 3 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | * | 1122 | 2 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | * | 0.1 (−0.2–0.5) | ns |
| Side dishes | 199 | 0 | 224 | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–2.5) | * | ns | |||
| Spreads and processed cheese | 238 | 0 | 205 | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–2.7) | * | ns | |||
| Total | 6012 | 215 | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) | na | 6632 | 122 | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | na | 1.8 (1.1–2.3) | <0.01 |
Notes: Data presented for food categories with at least one product with TiO2 in either the 2017 or 2020 dataset. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; N—number of all products; ns—not significant; na—not applicable; *—low sample size (sale-weighted proportions not calculated for subsamples with N < 4).