Figure 1.
The role of UPRmt and mitokines in cancer progression. When mitochondria are under stress, OXPHOS perturbations, ROS production, and the level of unfolded proteins increase. Increased expression of proteases (ClpP & LONP1) and chaperone proteins (HSP60) during UPRmt promotes mitokine (FGF21 & GDF15) expression, which affects tumor development and progression. LONP1, Lon protease 1.