| Algorithm 4: |
Require: 1 × 9 VRF signal array, .
Select the center value from the set of neighboring points.
For each sample point, calculate the gradient value as for .
Compare the continuous neighboring gradient point along with the center value . If the adjacent point is greater than or equal to the value of 1 is set, otherwise 0 will be assigned.
In the transformation step, the binary value is converted into decimal code.
Compute the LNGP code.
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