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. 2021 Aug 10;18(16):8463. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168463

Table 3.

Mediation analysis, total, indirect, and direct effects with standardized estimates among the whole sample.

Pathway Estimate SE Z p
Machiavellianism
🡺 PSU (total effect) 0.03 0.14 0.25 0.800
🡺 PSU (indirect effect) 0.10 0.05 1.85 0.064
🡺 PSU (direct effect) −0.07 0.15 −0.44 0.659
Psychopathy
🡺 PSU (total effect) −0.04 0.08 −0.55 0.584
🡺 PSU (indirect effect) −0.00 0.03 −0.06 0.955
🡺 PSU (direct effect) −0.04 0.08 −0.51 0.607
Narcissism
🡺 PSU (total effect) 0.39 0.09 4.14 0.000
🡺 PSU (indirect effect) 0.14 0.05 2.81 0.005
🡺 PSU (direct effect) 0.25 0.11 2.30 0.021

Note. PSU = Problematic smartphone use.