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. 2021 Jul 26;11(8):1098. doi: 10.3390/biom11081098

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of enzymes acting in the deconstruction of cellulose. LPMOs (C1-oxidizing: EC 1.14.99.54; C4-oxidizing: EC1.14.99.56) use either O₂ or H₂O₂ to hydrolyze cellulose chains in the crystalline regions, making the cellulose more accessible for the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Endoglucanases (EG; EC 3.2.1.4) hydrolyze the glycosidic bond in the amorphous regions of the cellulose chains, generating new reducing and non-reducing ends. Cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) processively release cellobiose units from the reducing (CBH I) and non-reducing (CBH II) ends of the cellulose chains. Cellobiose is then converted into glucose units by β-glucosidases (BG; EC 3.2.1.21). Ox, oxidated glucose moiety; CBM, carbohydrate binding module.