Figure 2.

DMF reduces the expression of cytokines stimulated by LPS in CFBE cells. Cells were incubated with 10 µg/mL of LPS for 1 h and afterwards with 0.1% DMSO (CTRL) or 50 µM DMF. Total RNA was extracted and qRT-PCR was performed in order to quantify IL-1β and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17A mRNA normalized to untreated control. Results are shown as fold induction where CTRL is equal to 1. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 4). ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.