Table 5.

Mast cell: the “pleiotropic cell”and its inflammatory mediators participating in “Cytokine storm” able to induce the Kounis syndrome.

Preformed Mediators	Newly Synthesized Mediators
Biogenic amines	Cytokines
Histamine, Renin, angiotensin II, serotonin	Interleukins 1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,13,16
	Interferon-γ
Chemokines	Macrophage activating factor
IL-8, MCP-1, MCP-3, MCP-4, RANTES (CCL5)	Tumor necrosis factor -a
Enzymes	Growth factors
Arylsulfatases, carboxypeptidase A, chymase, kinogenases, phospholipases, tryptase, cathepsin G	Granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor Fibroblast growth factor Nerve growth factor, stem cell factor, VEGF
Peptides	Arachidonic acid products
Bradykinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, endorphins, endothelin, somatostatin, substance B, vasoactive intestinal peptide, urocortin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	Leucotrienes Platelet activating factor Prostaglandins Thromboxane
Proteoglycanes
Chondroitin, heparine, hyaluronic acid