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. 2021 Aug 16;23(8):1053. doi: 10.3390/e23081053
Algorithm 1: Pseudo code for hybridized ENN-GNDO-IPA algorithm.
Global Search Phase
Generalized normal distribution optimizer: Start
  • Input:

    Population size N, The Upper and Lower bounds (u,l). Current number of iteration is t and maximum number of iterations is (Max_iter). Initial population is developed randomly by the entries of real number with number of dimensions equal to unknown parameters in ENN structure. Weights = W = [αj, ξj, βj],   j=1,2,3,n.

  • Population:

    Generate population P of n candidates with the set of random weights drawn from a normal distribution as:

    P = [C1, C2, C3, …, Cm]t,

    α = [α1, α2, α3, …, αn], ξ = [ξ1, ξ2, ξ3, …, ξn] and β = [β1, β2, β3, …, βn].

Output: Choose the current best solution i.e., CGNGOBest.
Initializations of GNDO: Initialize population P.
  • Fitness evaluation:

    Evaluate the fitness value using Equations (6), (12), and (24) for each individual of population C in P and achieve the so far best solution xBest.

            The iteration is updated as t=t+1.
Main Loop
  while (t(Max_iter))do
    for if  i=1:N
       p is randomly generated between 0 and 1.
       if p>0.5
  •        Exploitation

    Current best solution xBest is selected. η, d, m and M are evaluated using Equations (42)–(45) to execute the process.

       else
  •        Exploration

    The current best solution xBest is selected to perform exploration using Equations (46)–(48).

       end if
    end for
         The iteration is updated as t=t+1.
  end while
  • Termination:
    Terminate the algorithm:
    • Predefined number of iterations is achieved.
    • Fitness ϵ1020,
    • TolFunc ϵ1025
Storage: Store global best weights CGNGOBest and corresponding fitness values.
Generalized normal distribution Optimization: End
Local Search Phase
Interior Point Algorithm: Start
  • Inputs:

    IPT is incorporated for fine tuning of parameter by taking the best weights of GNDO as the start point.

Output: GNDO-IPA best weights i.e., CGNGOIPA
Initialization:
   Start-Point as CGNGOBest number of iterations, bound constraints.
  • Termination:
    Adaption process ends if any of the following conditions are met:
    • Fitness ϵ=1020, total iterations ≤ 2000
    • TolFun ≤1025, TolX ≤1025
    • TolCon ≤1025, Max. Fun. Evaluations ≤ 200,000
    while (satisfied the required termination)

    Fitness evaluation: Calculate fitness of each weight vector C.

    Fine-tuning: Use ‘fmincon’ and ‘optimset’ routines of the MATLAB optimization toolbox for IPA. Update parameters of C for each generation of IPA and calculate fitness (ζ) of modified C.

Storage: Accumulate weights vector CGNDOIPA, fitness value, iterations, and function evaluations.
Interior point Algorithm: End
  • Data Generations:

    Repeat 100 times the procedure steps to generate a massive data set of the optimization variables of ENN to solve heat transfer and convection porous fin problems.