Table 2.
PRE and POST Cervical Mobility Measurements (CROM).
| Variable | Measurement Time | Group 1 (Suboccipital Technique) (n = 31) |
Group 2 (INYBI) (n = 31) |
Group 3 (INYBI + Upper Cervical Manipulation) (n = 34) |
p Value (Between-Groups Comparison) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD (95% CI) | Mean | SD (95% CI) | Mean | SD (95% CI) | |||
| Flexion | PRE | 59.03 | 11.98 (54.64–63.43) | 59.90 | 17.03 (53.54–66.26) | 55.73 | 11.68 (51.66–59.81) | 0.452 |
| POS 1 | 61.55 | 10.60 (57.61–65.46) | 60.90 | 12.43 (56.26–65.54) | 57.85 | 11.19 (53.95–61.76) | ||
| POS 2 | 61.03 | 11.48 (56.82–65.24) | 60.77 | 13.81 (55.61–65.92) | 59.06 | 11.79 (54.95–63.17) | ||
| POS 3 | 60.71 | 11.28 (56.57–64.85) | 60.63 | 14.94 (55.05–66.21) | 60.12 * | 11.80 (56–64.24) | ||
| Extension | PRE | 65 | 8.71 (61.80–68.19) | 61.57 | 14.93 (55.99–67.14) | 62.76 | 12.30 (58.47–67.06) | 0.938 |
| POS 1 | 66.87 | 9.16 (63.51–70.23) | 62.57 | 13.57 (57.50–67.63) | 64.97 | 11.36 (61–68.94) | ||
| POS 2 | 65.84 | 9.41 (62.39–69.29) | 63 | 12.58 (58.30–67.70) | 63.65 | 12.28 (59.36–67.93) | ||
| POS 3 | 67.74 | 10.50 (63.89–71.60) | 64.03 | 12.91 (59.21–68.85) | 66.15 Ψ | 18.90 (62.34–69.95) | ||
| Right rotation | PRE | 65.94 | 10.53 (62.07–69.80) | 62.36 | 11.76 (57.44–66.23) | 62.71 | 9.21 (59.49–65.92) | 0.605 |
| POS 1 | 68.84 | 9.03 (65.53–72.15) | 65.33 * | 9 (61.97–68.69) | 64.82 | 8 (62.03–67.62) | ||
| POS 2 | 68.19 | 9.69 (64.64–71.75) | 65.60 | 7.88 (62.66–68.54) | 66.41 | 7.82 (63.68–69.14) | ||
| POS 3 | 70.64 * | 9 (67.35–73.94) | 66 | 8.95 (62.66–69.34) | 68.73 * | 6.96 (66.30–71.16) | ||
| Left rotation | PRE | 65.90 | 9.79 (62.31–69.50) | 62.60 | 11.34 (58.36–66.83) | 64.85 | 10.85 (61.07–68.34) | 0.350 |
| POS 1 | 67.74 | 9.61 (64.22–71.27) | 65.43 * | 12.13 (60.90–69.96) | 67.53 * | 9.11 (64.35–70.71) | ||
| POS 2 | 65.74 | 9.48 (62.27–69.22) | 63.87 | 8.80 (60.58–67.15) | 67.35 | 7.25 (64.82–69.88) | ||
| POS 3 | 68.65 Ψ | 9.33 (65.22–72.07) | 65.37 | 8.79 (62.08–68.65) | 71.47 *Ψ | 9.14 (68.28–74.66) | ||
| Right side bending | PRE | 40 | 8.33 (36.94–43.06) | 38.03 | 8.07 (35.02–41.05) | 37.91 | 8.03 (35.11–40.71) | 0.411 |
| POS 1 | 41.13 | 7.70 (38.30–43.95) | 39.20 | 6.47 (36.78–41.62) | 39.65 | 10 (36.16–43.14) | ||
| POS 2 | 41.65 | 6.54 (39.25–44.04) | 41.50 | 9.56 (37.93–45.07) | 37.94 | 7.04 (35.48–40.40) | ||
| POS 3 | 42.87 | 5.53 (40.84–44.90) | 42.03 * | 8.30 (38.93–45.13) | 40.59 Ψ | 9.69 (37.21–43.97) | ||
| Left side bending | PRE | 44.29 | 10.55 (40.42–48.16) | 44.57 | 9.39 (41.06–48.07) | 44.23 | 6.79 (41.87–46.60) | 0.378 |
| POS 1 | 45.55 | 9.97 (41.89–49.20) | 44 | 8.54 (40.81–47.19) | 46.18 | 7.93 (43.41–48.94) | ||
| POS 2 | 44.87 | 9.34 (41.44–48.30) | 46.07 | 9.79 (42.41–49.72) | 44.85 | 7.13 (42.37–47.34) | ||
| POS 3 | 46.77 | 9.36 (43.34–50.21) | 47.70 | 8.88 (44.38–51.02) | 48.24 *Ψ | 7.46 (45.63–50.84) | ||
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; VAS, visual analogue scale; PRE, initial pre-intervention; POS 1, after the first intervention; POS 2, pre-intervention of the second week; POS 3, after the second intervention. * p < 0.05 compared to the baseline measurement. Ψ p < 0.05 compared to the previous measurement.