Table 4.
Composite biomaterial delivery systems evaluated for cutaneous wound and scarring indications
| Biomaterial(s) | Fabrication Method(s) | Treatment (s) | Experimental Parameters Tested and Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan | |||
| CMC-chitosan | Hydrogel+NP | EGF |
In vitro release+proteinases—within 48 h, induced fibroblast proliferation STZ-induced diabetic rat full-thickness excisional wound model—treatment every 2 days led to faster healing relative to hydrogel and hydrogel+EGF controls124 |
| Cellulose+HA | NP+composite | GM-CSF |
In vitro release—within 48 h Rat full-thickness excisional wound model—treatment every 2 days led to faster healing relative to NP+composite control123 |
| Gelatin/PVA+PCL | Hydrogel+microsphere | FGF-2 |
In vitro release—cumulative over 25 days, nontoxic for fibroblasts Rat full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing relative to hydrogel and dressed controls154 |
| Gelatin+diamond | Hydrogel+NP | VEGF-A | In vitro release—within 3 days, induces endothelial cell attachment and proliferation128 |
| Alginate | |||
| CMC-chitosan | Hydrogel | EGF |
In vitro release—within 12 h, nontoxic to fibroblasts, induces RBC clotting Rat partial-thickness scald burn model—daily treatment led to faster healing relative to hydrogel and EGF controls148 |
| CMC-chitosan+PVA | Microsphere+hydrogel | FGF-2 |
In vitro release—burst release within 48 h, cumulative over 12 days, induces fibroblast proliferation Rat full-thickness thermal burn model—single treatment led to faster healing relative to hydrogel and hydrogel+FGF-2 controls134 |
| HA | |||
| Heparin+PEGDA | Hydrogel | FGF-2 | In vitro release+hyaluronidase—cumulative over 35 days, increases fibroblast proliferation150 |
| Collagen | |||
| PCL+chitosan | Hydrogel+NP | G-CSF |
In vitro release—cumulative over 15 days, nontoxic for mesenchymal stem cells Rat full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing relative to nanofiber control125 |
| Gelatin | |||
| Gelatin | Microsphere+sponge | EGF | Rat full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing, with increased tensile strength relative to sponge control111 |
| Collagen | Microsphere+hydrogel+matrix | EGF |
In vitro release—cumulative over 14 days In vitro culture—enhanced proliferation of keratinocytes relative to fibroblasts Rat full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing relative to matrix, and matrix+microsphere controls152 |
| EUP polysaccharide | Sponge+EUP fibers | PDGF-ββ |
In vitro release+collagenase—within 48 h, induced fibroblast proliferation Mouse full-thickness excisional wound model—EUP fibers in sponge sequestered PDGF-ββ114 |
| Fibrin | |||
| HA+protein | Hydrogel+NP | VEGF-A | Mouse splinted full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing than hydrogel control122 |
| Fibrinogen+anti-VEGF aptamer | Hydrogel+macromer | VEGF-A |
In vitro release in serum—cumulative over 15 days, induces endothelial cell migration In vitro culture—growth of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and enhanced that of endothelial cells Mouse full-thickness excisional wound model—single treatment led to faster healing relative to hydrogel and hydrogel+VEGF-A controls153 |
| Lipid | |||
| Silk fiboid | Liposome+SF core | FGF-2 |
In vitro release+wound fluid—protection, supported fibroblast survival Mouse partial-thickness thermal burn—treatment every 3 days led to faster healing relative to FGF-2 control120 |
CMC, carboxymethylcellulose; EUP, galacturonic acid-containing polysaccharide; NP, nanoparticle; PCL, polycaprolactone; PEGDA, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate; PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol); SF, silk fibroid.