Table 2.
Cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem at baseline (N = 42).
| Experimental Group1 (n = 18) |
Experimental Group2 (n = 12) |
Control Group (n = 12) |
F | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | ||||||
| Attention |
DST-F | 6.56 ± 1.20 | 7.67 ± 1.07 | 6.75 ± 1.60 | 2.812 | 0.072 |
| DST-B | 4.11 ± 0.96 | 5.75 ± 4.60 | 4.58 ± 1.83 | 4.925 | 0.019 * | |
| Memory |
Immediate Recall |
23.11 ± 3.76 | 24.00 ± 5.26 | 23.25 ± 5.36 | 0.138 | 0.871 |
| Delayed Recall |
8.56 ± 1.85 | 8.17 ± 2.25 | 8.83 ± 2.76 | 0.266 | 0.768 | |
| Executive function |
K-CWST-60 | 50.22 ± 8.04 | 56.42 ± 7.22 | 56.00 ± 10.42 | 2.515 | 0.094 |
| COWAT | 23.50 ± 7.20 | 30.75 ± 7.70 | 29.50 ± 9.56 | 3.541 | 0.039 * | |
| Memory contentment |
37.83 ± 7.45 | 38.75 ± 11.33 | 41.25 ± 7.98 | 0.547 | 0.583 | |
| Depressive symptoms |
10.50 ± 4.93 | 13.50 ± 6.68 | 10.33 ± 5.07 | 1.328 | 0.277 | |
| Self-esteem | 33.44 ± 5.48 | 35.42 ± 5.45 | 33.83 ± 3.74 | 0.578 | 0.566 | |
* p < 0.05.