Figure 5.

Assessment of glycolytic and TCA cycle activity in control and treated cells. Fractional enrichment of lactate and citrate, and O₂ consumption rate are shown for A549 cells (Panels, A–C), MiaPaCa2 cells (Panels, D–F), and HCT-116 cells (Panels, G–I). Enrichment results were calculated from the GC-MS data of cell media samples collected at the 360 min post-treatment time point. The GC-MS data were corrected for natural isotope abundance using the Isotopomer Network Compartmental Analysis (INCA) software. (Note: N = 3: biological replicate data are represented as mean ± SEM. Significant levels were calculated using the Student’s t-test between control and treated groups and are displayed as: non-significant “NS” if p > 0.05 and “*” if p ≤ 0.05. Oxygen consumption was measured at the end of tracer experiment (total time period of 8 h) and O₂ consumption rates were calculated for the number of cells used for the measurements and normalized per million cells).