Table 8.

Likert-scale survey results, pre- and post-session.

Design Considerations and Perceived Risk 1	Mean (SD)		Δ	p-Value	Rank
	Pre	Post			Pre Session	Post Session
Grab bars on both sides of the toilet	4.71 (0.49)	5.00 (0.00)	0.29↑	0.32	2	1
Flush transitions in walking surfaces or between floor types	4.86 (0.38)	5.00 (0.00)	0.14↑	0.32	1	1
An unobstructed path to bathroom (e.g., clutter, equipment, furniture)	4.00 (1.53)	4.67 (0.82)	0.67↑	0.18	10	3
Grab bars/rails on the wall to support walking to the bathroom	4.43 (0.79)	4.67 (0.52)	0.24↑	0.32	3	3
Places to put personal items in reach (e.g., a charging cell phone/tablet)	4.43 (0.53)	4.67 (0.82)	0.24↑	0.56	3	3
A night light fixture near the floor in the pathway toward the patient toilet room	4.71 (0.49)	4.50 (0.84)	−0.21↓	0.32	2	6
Visibility from the bed to the bathroom door	3.14 (1.07)	4.33 (0.82)	1.19↑	0.06 *	16	7
Space on the door opening side of the bathroom door	3.83 (0.41)	4.33 (0.82)	0.50↑	0.08 *	13	7
Flooring patterns that minimize contrast	4.14 (0.38)	4.33 (0.52)	0.19↑	0.56	9	7
Grab bars to support moving from the toilet to the sink	4.29 (0.95)	4.33 (0.82)	0.05↑	1.00	5	7
Flooring materials that minimize glare	4.29 (0.76)	4.33 (0.82)	0.05↑	0.56	5	7
Call bells/pull strings in reach of where falls happen often	4.29 (0.76)	4.00 (1.10)	−0.29↓	0.70	5	13
Defined zones for patient/ family/ clinical activities	3.86 (0.69)	3.83 (0.41)	−0.02↓	0.56	11	14
Contrast between floors and walls	3.86 (0.69)	3.83 (0.75)	−0.02↓	0.32	11	14
Visibility from the bed to the toilet fixture	2.86 (1.07)	3.67 (0.82)	0.81↑	0.06 *	17	15
The ability for the nurse to see the patient’s head during regular rounding	3.43 (0.53)	3.33 (0.52)	−0.10↓	1.00	15	16
Grab bars meeting the ADA minimum at the toilet	3.57 (0.98)	2.67 (1.21)	−0.90↓	0.18	14	17

¹ 5-point Likert scale—1: introduces much more risk; 3: no more/no less risk; 5: Introduces much less risk. * significant p-value < 0.10.