Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for aggressive prostate cancer for cadmium, arsenic, and lead each as the exposure variable for cases from the 2010–2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database stratified by county type and race comparing the 80th percentile with the 20th percentile of exposure.
| Measure of Aggressiveness | County Type | Race | Cadmium OR (95% CI) |
Arsenic OR (95% CI) |
Lead OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metastatic vs. Not | All | All | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) |
| White | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | ||
| Black | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | ||
| RUCC 1 | All | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | |
| White | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | ||
| Black | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.14) | ||
| RUCC 2 | All | 1.26 (1.14, 1.39) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.18) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | |
| White | 1.35 (1.2, 1.52) | 1.17 (1.10, 1.23) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | ||
| Black | 1.05 (0.7, 1.56) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.27) | 1.03 (0.80, 1.31) | ||
| RUCC 3 | All | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.07) | |
| White | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) | ||
| Black | 0.87 (0.70, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.06) | 1.22 (0.99, 1.50) | ||
| RUCC 4 | All | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) | 0.86 (0.49, 1.53) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | |
| White | 0.89 (0.66, 1.21) | 0.88 (0.49, 1.60) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | ||
| Black | 0.49 (0.04, 5.32) | 2.47 (0.09, 70.72) | 0.77 (0.34, 1.72) | ||
| High vs. Low Gleason Grade | All | All | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) |
| White | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | ||
| Black | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | ||
| RUCC 1 | All | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | |
| White | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | ||
| Black | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | ||
| RUCC 2 | All | 1.41 (1.27, 1.57) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | |
| White | 1.36 (1.22, 1.51) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | ||
| Black | 1.52 (1.05, 2.20) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39) | ||
| RUCC 3 | All | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | |
| White | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | ||
| Black | 1.28 (1.10, 1.50) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | ||
| RUCC 4 | All | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.21) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | |
| White | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | 0.74 (0.47, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | ||
| Black | 1.26 (0.16, 9.83) | 1.30 (0.04, 37.91) | 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) |
OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval. Note: Adjusted odds ratios were adjusted for age at diagnosis, county-level sociodemographic index, county-level smoking prevalence, and county-level air quality index.