Table 1.
Gain-Framed | Loss-Framed | Control |
---|---|---|
Aerobic exercises (e.g., running, cycling) are associated with a reduction in social anxiety. | Not taking part in aerobic exercises (e.g., running, cycling) means that you may miss out on the associated reduction in social anxiety. | Your heart beats about 100,000 times each day! |
Improvements in self-concept and global self-esteem have been recognised when you participate in regular physical activity! | Improvements in self-concept and global self-esteem may be missed if you do not participate in regular physical activity! | It takes 66 days to form a habit. |
Strong evidence demonstrates that physical activity reduces the risk of experiencing depression. | Strong evidence demonstrates that not taking part in physical activity means that the risk of experiencing depression is not reduced. | The hardest bone in the human body is the jawbone. |
Note: evidence-based content of the gain- and loss-framed messages were adapted from the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2018) report. The style of messages was consistent in all intervention groups.