Table 3.
Pre-post change in motivation and PA levels: mean, standard deviation, and effect size (β) estimation via ANCOVA.
| Outcome | Control (SD) | Gain-Framed (SD) | ANCOVA | Loss-Framed (SD) | ANCOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | β | p | Pre | Post | β | p | |
| Motivation for PA ^ | 6.1 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.0) | 6.5 (0.8) | 1.09 | 0.007 | 6.3 (0.9) | 6.6 (0.5) | 1.10 | 0.005 |
| Motivation for exercise ^ | 5.4 (1.6) | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.4) | 6.3 (0.8) | 1.16 | 0.001 | 6.0 (1.1) | 6.5 (0.6) | 1.15 | <0.001 |
| Motivation for active travel ^ | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.5 (1.5) | 5.5 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.0) | 1.18 | <0.001 | 5.7 (1.6) | 6.3 (1.0) | 1.19 | <0.001 |
| PA level | ||||||||||
| Total MET minutes/week | 3142.3 (2199.2) | 3601.8 (2866.4) | 3245.6 (2115.6) | 3600.6 (2356.5) | 0.02 | 0.6 | 3517.6 (1985.9) | 3799.3 (2297.6) | 0.01 | 0.75 |
^ Beta coefficients are exponentiated due to log transformation.