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. 2021 Aug 17;13(16):4127. doi: 10.3390/cancers13164127

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Influence of lncRNAs on modulation of TAMs of lung cancer. 1: GAS5 binds miR-21 in macrophages, upregulating PTEN and ultimately leading to an increase of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine markers such as TNF-a, IL-6, iNOS, and IL-12. 2: Xist expression is upregulated in anti-inflammatory macrophages by transcription factor TCF4 and increases production of IL-10, CD163, and Arg-1. 3: GNAS-AS1 acts as a miRNA sponge binding miR-433-3p and miR-4319, leading to the upregulation of GATA3 and NECAB3, promoting CD206, IL-10, and Arg-1. 4: lincRNA-p21 interacts with MDM2 and inhibits the p53 complex, repressing transcription of the p53-associated gene PUMA, upregulating IL-10, IL-4, and Arg-1 and downregulating TNFa, IL-6, and iNOS. 5: Linc00662 is found in lung cancer patient plasma exosomes, lung cancer cells, and anti-inflammatory macrophages, suggesting that linc00662 is secreted into exosomes by cancer cells, activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in macrophages, training them to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and increasing CD163, IL-10, and Arg-1.