Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics among critically ill patients with COVID-19
| Characteristics | Total | Died | Alive | P value* |
| No. (%) | 1542 (100) | 196 (13) | 1346 (87) | |
| Female sex, n (%) | 221 (14.3) | 28 (14.3) | 193 (14.3) | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 48.9 (12.7) | 56.7 (13.3) | 47.8 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 126.2 (17.4) | 125.5 (21.1) | 126.3 (16.8) | 0.286 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 75.5 (12.1) | 72.2 (12.5) | 76.0 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, mean (SD), breaths/min | 23.3 (6.7) | 27.1 (7.4) | 22.7 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation (SpO2), n (%) | ||||
| <90 | 487 (31.6) | 138 (70.4) | 349 (25.9) | |
| 90–94 | 569 (36.9) | 39 (19.9) | 530 (39.4) | |
| ≥95 | 486 (31.5) | 19 (9.7) | 467 (34.7) | |
| Oxygen therapy†, n (%) | ||||
| Hypoxic respiratory failure requiring supplemental oxygen | 736 (47.7) | 18 (9.2) | 718 (53.3) | |
| Hypoxic respiratory failure requiring non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 76 (4.9) | 11 (5.6) | 65 (4.8) | |
| Hypoxic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation | 519 (33.7) | 167 (85.2) | 352 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Co-existing conditions, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 498 (32.3) | 39 (19.9) | 459 (34.1) | |
| 1 | 403 (26.1) | 45 (23.0) | 358 (26.6) | |
| ≥2 | 641 (41.6) | 112 (57.1) | 529 (39.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | ||||
| No | 874 (56.7) | 86 (43.9) | 788 (58.5) | |
| Yes | 668 (43.3) | 110 (56.1) | 558 (41.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | ||||
| No | 854 (55.4) | 82 (41.8) | 772 (57.4) | |
| Yes | 688 (44.6) | 114 (58.2) | 574 (42.6) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1361 (88.3) | 166 (84.7) | 1195 (88.8) | |
| Yes | 181 (11.7) | 30 (15.3) | 151 (11.2) | 0.123 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1053 (68.3) | 100 (51.0) | 953 (70.8) | |
| Yes | 489 (31.7) | 96 (49.0) | 393 (29.2) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1397 (90.6) | 159 (81.1) | 1238 (92.0) | |
| Yes | 145 (9.4) | 37 (18.9) | 108 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1479 (95.9) | 183 (93.4) | 1296 (96.3) | |
| Yes | 63 (4.1) | 13 (6.6) | 50 (3.7) | 0.083 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1437 (93.2) | 174 (88.8) | 1263 (93.8) | |
| Yes | 105 (6.8) | 22 (11.2) | 83 (6.2) | 0.013 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale, mean (SD) | 13.83 (±3.42) | 11.94 (±5.07) | 14.28 (±2.71) | <0.001 |
| Mild, n (%) | 1391 (90.2) | 121 (61.7) | 1270 (94.4) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 21 (1.4) | 7 (3.6) | 14 (1.0) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 130 (8.4) | 68 (34.7) | 62 (4.6) | <0.001 |
Glasgow Coma Scale: mild (14–15), moderate (9–13) or severe (3–8).
*Continuous variables were compared using the t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, while categorical variables were compared using the χ2 or Fisher’s exact test.
†The percentages do not sum up to 100% because there are patients not requiring any form of oxygen therapy.