Table 2. Underweight malnutrition proportion among participants aged 60 years and above in China, 1992–2015 (n, %).
| Variables | 1992* | 2002 | 2010–2012 | 2015 | P value ¶ | |||||||
| Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | |||||
| Note: − means data are unavailable;
* Because original data was inaccessible, the results was from the published book of “The dietary and nutritional status of Chinese population — elderly (1992 National Nutrition Survey)”; † Chi-squared test between urban areas and rural, P<0.05; § Chi-squared test between urban areas and rural, P<0.01; ¶ Chi-squared test among three surveys. | ||||||||||||
| Total | 227 (8.6) | 799 (20.3) | 573 (4.5) | 2,028 (15.4) | 698 (3.8) | 1,380 (9.1) | 706 (2.8) | 689 (6.6) | <0.001 | |||
| Age groups | ||||||||||||
| 60–74 years | 168 (7.4) | 642 (18.8) | 426 (4.1) | 1,659 (13.1)§ | 492 (3.0) | 1,014 (7.2)§ | 508 (2.4) | 1,445 (5.0)§ | <0.001 | |||
| 75– years | 59 (16.5) | 157 (30.0) | 147 (8.6) | 369 (20.4)§ | 206 (5.8) | 366 (14.1)§ | 198 (5.2) | 545 (10.9)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 109 (8.2) | 385 (19.1) | 305 (5.2) | 1,047 (13.9)§ | 338 (3.7) | 717 (8.7)§ | 350 (2.9) | 1,045 (5.9)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 118 (9.1) | 414 (21.5) | 268 (4.3) | 981 (14.2)§ | 360 (3.4) | 663 (7.9)§ | 356 (2.8) | 945 (5.8)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| Unknown/Illiteracy | – | – | 189 (7.3) | 959 (15.1)§ | 195 (6.3) | 506 (9.2)§ | 189 (4.3) | 765 (6.7)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Primary school | – | – | 186 (4.8) | 827 (14.3)§ | 244 (3.7) | 641 (8.3)§ | 291 (3.3) | 953 (5.8)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Junior high school | – | – | 95 (3.6) | 166 (10.2)§ | 154 (2.8) | 197 (7.0)§ | 130 (1.9) | 206 (4.4)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Senior high school | – | – | 63 (3.6) | 69 (11.3)§ | 66 (2.2) | 33 (5.7)§ | 64 (2.0) | 56 (4.5)§ | <0.001 | |||
| College and above | – | – | 40 (3.2) | 7 (6.5) | 39 (2.4) | 3 (4.1) | 32 (1.9) | 10 (6.0)§ | 0.037 | |||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| Low | – | – | 317 (6.2) | 1,885 (14.6)§ | 189 (5.6) | 737 (9.4)§ | 63 (4.2) | 316 (5.9)† | <0.001 | |||
| Middle | – | – | 149 (3.8) | 101 (9.9)§ | 134 (4.0) | 317 (7.4)§ | 74 (4.3) | 227 (5.7)† | 0.325 | |||
| High | – | – | 84 (3.0) | 26 (8.4)§ | 332 (2.9) | 254 (6.6)§ | 185 (2.2) | 343 (6.1)§ | 0.535 | |||
| No response | – | – | 23 (6.8) | 16 (7.3) | 43 (3.0) | 72 (10.1)§ | 384 (2.9) | 1,104 (5.8)§ | 0.003 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single | – | – | 7 (8.6) | 19 (13.4) | 8 (7.8) | 17 (12.0) | 7 (6.4) | 22 (7.1) | 0.063 | |||
| Have a partner | – | – | 408 (4.2) | 1,437 (13.1)§ | 544 (3.3) | 1,084 (8.0)§ | 598 (2.7) | 1,659 (5.5)§ | <0.001 | |||
| Divorced | – | – | 11 (10.1) | 17 (15.6) | 7 (3.5) | 7 (5.8) | 5 (3.9) | 8 (9.3) | <0.001 | |||
| Widowed | – | – | 147 (6.6) | 555 (17.2)§ | 139 (4.4) | 272 (9.7)§ | 96 (3.8) | 301 (8.3)§ | <0.001 | |||