Figure 3.

Pinocembrin attenuates TGF-β1-induced mouse primary dermal fibroblasts activation. (A) DFs were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng·mL⁻¹) and pinocembrin (0, 20, 40, 80 μM). (A) Western blot analysis of α-SMA, Col1, and Fn at 24 h post treatment. (B) qPCR analysis of α-SMA, Col1α1, Col1α2, Fn, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression in DFs after 24 h of treatment. (C) Immunofluorescence analysis of α-SMA expression at 24 h post treatment (×400, scale bar = 100 μm). (D) The phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 were analyzed by Western blot in KFs treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng·mL⁻¹) and different doses of pinocembrin for 1 h. Data were presented as the means ± SD, n = 3. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.