Table 1.

Anti-inflammatory inhibitors tested in several in-vivo models of glaucoma.

Inhibitor of Inflammatory Markers	Inflammatory Markers	Glaucoma Model	In-Vivo Findings	References
γ-Oryzanol	TNF-α and IL-6	Subconjunctival injection of phenol in rabbit	Reduces IOP in a chronic glaucoma model by inhibiting the induction of TNF-α and IL-6, and provides protection against glaucoma	[43]
Fas inhibitor, ONL1204	Caspase-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18	Intracameral injection of microbeads in C57BL/6J mice	No effect on IOP. Prevents RGC death and axon degradation. Reduces microglial activation and inhibits induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.	[52]
Myricetin	IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α	Injection of hyaluronic acid into the anterior chamber of the eye in Dawley rats	Lowers IOP level in animals and reduces inflammatory marker levels in in vitro experiments.	[46]
Lutein (hydroxycarotenoid)	TNF-α and IL-1β	Mouse model of retinal ischemia	Modulates the overexpression of GFAP in in vivo models of retinal ischemia and inhibits overactivation of NF-κB, IL-1β, and Cox-2 in Müller cells.	[44]
Puerarin	IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α	Neovascular glaucoma in C57BL/6 mice	Puerarin reduces high levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α in animal models of glaucoma. It also maintains reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, NOS, and inducible NOS and NF-κB to an optimum level.	[45]

IOP—intraocular pressure; RGCs—retinal ganglion cells; NOS—neuronal nitric oxide synthase; GFAP—glial fibrillary acidic protein; IOP—intraocular pressure; RGC—retinal ganglion cell; NF-κβ—nuclear factor-kappa beta; IL—interluekin; TNF-α—tumour necrosis factor-alpha; Cox-2—cyclooxygenase 2; NOS—nitric oxide synthases.