Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 24.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2021 Aug 4;414:113514. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113514

Figure 1: Pathways of both vocal communication and anxiety.

Figure 1:

Vocal communication and anxiety travel the same efferent (red) and afferent (blue) pathways, often with NE as a primary neurotransmitter. The disruption of NE these pathways could simultaneously explain both vocal impairment and anxiety in PD.