Table 2.
Linear regression result assessing relationships between brainstem noradrenergic markers and vocal acoustic outcomes. US: unbiased stereology. ROD: relative optical density. LC: locus coeruleus. NTS: nucleus of the solitary tract. 10N: dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. AMB: nucleus ambiguus.
| Noradrenergic Marker | Outcome Measure(s) | Independent Variables | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tyrosine Hydroxylase | Average Bandwidth | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.20, p=0.66), R2=0.01. |
| Average Intensity | US in the LC | F(1,29)=2.56, p=0.12), R2=0.08. | |
| Average Peak Frequency | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.7, p=0.41), R2=0.02. | |
| Average Duration | US in the LC | F(1,29)=1.14, p=0.29), R2=0.04. | |
| Norepinephrine Transporter | Average Bandwidth | ROD in the LC | F(1,29)=1.47, p=0.24, R2=0.05. |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,28)=0.28, p=0.6, R2=0.01. | ||
| ROD in the 10N | F(1,28)=0.32, p=0.58, R2=0.01. | ||
| ROD in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.05, p=0.82, R2=0.002. | ||
| Average Intensity | ROD in the LC | F(1,29)=0.29, p=0.6, R2=0.01. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,28)=0.69, p=0.41, R2=0.02. | ||
| ROD in the 10N | F(1,28)=0.62, p=0.44, R2=0.02. | ||
| ROD in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.17, p=0.68, R2=0.01. | ||
| Average Peak Frequency | ROD in the LC | F(1,29)=0.31, p=0.58), R2=0.01. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,28)=2.46, p=0.13 R2=0.08. | ||
| ROD in the 10N | F(1,28)=1.25, p=0.27, R2=0.04. | ||
| ROD in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.96, p=0.34, R2=0.03. | ||
| Average Duration | ROD in the LC | F(1,29)=0.61, p=0.44), R2=0.02. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,28)=0.18, p=0.67), R2=0.006. | ||
| ROD in the 10N | F(1,28)=0.1, p=0.76), R2=0.003. | ||
| ROD in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.03, p=0.86), R2=0.001. | ||
| β1 Receptor | Average Bandwidth | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.36, p=0.55), R2=0.01. |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=1.19, p=0.28), R2=0.04. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=1.92, p=0.17), R2=0.06. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=1.65, p=0.21), R2=0.05. | ||
| Average Intensity | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.84, p=0.37), R2=0.03. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29) =4.74, p=0.04), R20.14. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29) =13.57, p=0.0 0,), R2=0.32. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29) =9.43, p=0.005), R2=0.25. | ||
| Average Peak Frequency | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.15, p=0.70), R2=0.01. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=3.73, p=0.06), R2=0.11 | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=1.77, p=0.19), R2=0.06. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29) =6.3, p=0.02), R2=0.18. | ||
| Average Duration | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.57, p=0.45), R2=0.001. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=0.42, p=0.52), R2=0.01. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=0.46, p=0.51), R2=0.02. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.08, p=0.78), R2=0.003. | ||
| α 1 Receptor | Average Bandwidth | Us n the LC | F(1,29)=0.03, p=0.87), R2=0.001. |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=0.17, p=0.69), R2=0.006. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=0.63, p=0.44), R2=0.02. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.35, p=0.56), R2=0.01. | ||
| Average intensity | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.49, p=0.48), R2=0.02. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=0.23, p=0.64), R2=0.01. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=2.96, p=0.10), R2=0.09. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=1.04, p=0.32), R2=0.04. | ||
| Average Peak Frequency | US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.24, p=0.63), R2=0.008. | |
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=0.69, p=0.41), R2=0.02. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=0.12, p=0.73), R2=0.004. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=0.28, p=0.60), R2=0.009. | ||
| Average Duration | |||
| US in the LC | F(1,29)=0.67, p=0.42), R2=0.02. | ||
| ROD in the NTS | F(1,29)=1.16, p=0.29), R2=0.04. | ||
| US in the 10N | F(1,29)=0.31, p=0.58), R2=0.01. | ||
| US in the AMB | F(1,29)=2.57, p=0.12), R2=0.08. | ||