Table 4.
Odds ratio representing the severity of comorbidities and symptoms in COVID-19 patients obtained from meta-analysis of published data.
| Outcomes | Number of Studies | Number of Patients | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
(p Value) |
p Value of Egger’s Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 10 | 2641 | 1.81 (1.49, 2.20) | 0 (0.72) | 0.551 |
| Diabetes | 11 | 2693 | 2.08 (1.39, 3.10) | 46 (0.05) | 0.949 |
| CVD | 6 | 1150 | 3.46 (2.05, 5.87) | 32 (0.21) | 1.141 |
| Malignancy | 6 | 1161 | 2.04 (1.02, 4.07) | 0 (0.67) | 0.466 |
| COPD | 8 | 2176 | 4.76 (2.69, 8.39) | 0 (0.97) | 0.235 |
| CEVD | 6 | 2208 | 4.54 (2.29, 8.99) | 16 (0.31) | 0.633 |
| CKD | 8 | 2539 | 3.22 (1.70, 6.10) | 0 (0.93) | 0.593 |
| Smoking | 6 | 1920 | 1.74 (1.25, 2.42) | 0 (0.88) | 0.916 |
| Clinical Symptoms | - | - | - | - | |
| Fever | 11 | 2693 | 1.04 (0.85, 1.28) | 42 (0.07) | 0.479 |
| Cough | 11 | 2693 | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 41 (0.09) | 0.354 |
| Fatigue | 10 | 2641 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) | 0 (0.99) | 0.183 |
| Anorexia | 5 | 1046 | 1.56 (0.93, 2.62) | 62 (0.03) | 0.018 |
| Myalgia | 7 | 1238 | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) | 0 (0.68) | 0.685 |
| Dyspnea | 7 | 989 | 2.43 (1.52, 3.89) | 19 (0.29) | 0.774 |
| Diarrhea | 9 | 2600 | 1.14 (0.81, 1.61) | 8 (0.37) | 0.731 |
| Nausea | 7 | 2242 | 0.93 (0.58, 1.47) | 15 (0.31) | 0.458 |
| Headache | 6 | 1779 | 1.04 (0.69, 1.56) | 11 (0.34) | 0.832 |
Note: CVD = Cardiovascular disease; COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CEVD = Cerebrovascular disease; CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease; CLD = Chronic lung disease; Odds ratio: Meta-Analysis for overall odds ratio (see, Figures S2 and S3 for details); p value of Egger’s test: Assessing the publication bias (see, Figure S3 details).