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. 2021 Aug 27;117:124–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.013

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Proportions of transmissions attributed to healthcare workers (HCWs) (f_HCW). The blue histograms indicate the expected binomial distributions of f_HCW given the proportion of HCWs amongst cases. The red histograms show the distribution of f_HCW across 999 transmission trees reconstructed by outbreaker2. Dotted lines indicate the mean estimate of the proportion. (A) All cases. (B) Transmission to HCWs alone. (C) Transmission to patients alone. (D) Transmission to frail patients alone.