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. 2021 Aug 20;13(16):4202. doi: 10.3390/cancers13164202

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) regulation and functions in cancer cells. Cancer cells may upregulate TERT by somatic TERTp mutations, TERT amplification and rearrangement, and/or epigenetic modifications in TERT and TERTp [8]. TERT performs both canonical (telomere lengthening) and non-canonical (gene regulation, signal transduction, stress response, and mitochondrial metabolism) functions [11,12]. Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; and VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.