Table 1.

Contrasting roles of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in the development of cancer.

Gene	Cancer Type	Expression	Function	Ref.
SOCS1	Breast cancer	Up-regulation	Associated with better clinical outcomes	[19]
		Down-regulation	Enhances cell proliferation and colony formation	[20]
	Colorectal tumor	Up-regulation	Reduces tumor cell invasion	[21]
	Multiple myeloma	Down-regulation	Supports the survival and expansion of multiple myeloma cells	[22]
	Prostate cancer	Down-regulation	Associated with regional lymph node invasion	[23]
SOCS2	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Down-regulation	Associated with aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis	[15]
	Prostate cancer	Down-regulation	Promotes cancer metastasis	[24]
SOCS3	Prostate cancer	Down-regulation	Associated with unfavorable clinical outcome	[25]
	Colorectal cancer	Up-regulation	Inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion, while increasing cell apoptosis	[26]
SOCS4	Thyroid cancer	Down-regulation	Induces cell migration and invasion	[27]
	Renal cancer	Down-regulation	Promotes cells proliferation and migration	[28]
SOCS5	Pancreatic cancer	Down-regulation	Promotes tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis	[29]
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Down-regulation	Induces autophagy, reduces cell invasion and metastasis	[30]
SOCS6	Breast cancer	Down-regulation	Promotes cell proliferation, tumor growth and induces tamoxifen resistance	[31]
	Gastric cancer	Down-regulation	Inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation	[32]
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Down-regulation	Induces aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis	[15]
SOCS7	Bladder cancer	Up-regulation	Induces tumor growth	[33]
	Breast cancer	Down-regulation	Increases tumor growth and migration	[34]
CIS	Breast cancer	Up-regulation	Increases cell proliferation	[17]