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Schematic of pathways involved in the protective effects of PF on filtration barrier injury of GEnCs in diabetic mice. HG induces glycocalyx degradation in GEnCs and TJ damage between GEnCs in diabetic mice. PF inhibits glycocalyx degradation by regulation of AMPK. PF, piperazine ferulate; GEnCs, glomerular endothelial cells; HG, high glucose; TJ, tight junction; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.
