Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical characteristics of CKD patients
| Variable | CKD | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 (n = 179) |
Stage 2 (n = 187) |
Stage 3 (n = 201) |
Stage 4 (n = 97) |
Stage 5 (n = 95) |
||
| Age (year) | 41 (30, 49) | 45 (33, 55) | 48 (36, 59) | 51 (40, 62) | 50 (36, 60) | 0.000 |
| Sex (M/F) | 57/122 | 124/62 | 148/53 | 70/27 | 69/26 | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.14 (22.04, 27.61) | 25.39 (23.46, 28.06) | 25.68 (22.84, 28.59) | 24.52 (23.13, 26.71) | 25.32 (23.05, 27.99) | 0.166 |
| Ca (mM) | 2.16 (2.08, 2.25) | 2.20 (2.09, 2.29) | 2.19 (2.08, 2.30) | 2.20 (2.11, 2.26) | 2.11 (1.95, 2.19) | 0.000 |
| Fe (mM) | 14.00 (9.60, 19.30) | 15.90 (12.55, 20.05) | 14.40 (11.00, 18.35) | 12.60 (9.70, 16.20) | 9.75 (6.90, 14.20) | 0.000 |
| P (mM) | 1.21 (1.09, 1.33) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.35) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) | 1.26 (1.12, 1.43) | 1.85 (1.56, 2.20) | 0.000 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.72 (5.47, 8.26) | 6.48 (5.57, 8.05) | 6.65 (5.38, 8.0) | 6.57 (5.37, 7.7) | 6.78 (5.63, 8.43) | 0.834 |
| Hb (g/L) | 128 (116, 140) | 138 (124, 150) | 128 (115, 146) | 114 (102, 127) | 89 (80, 101) | 0.000 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 2.7) | 0.003 |
| Prealbumin (mg/L) | 272.0 (229.5, 338.0) | 299.0 (251.0, 363.0) | 307.5 (250.0, 371.0) | 333.0 (264.0, 394.0) | 336.0 (288.5, 431.0) | 0.000 |
| Urine protein (g/d) | 1.23 (0.40, 2.89) | 1.17 (0.49, 3.15) | 1.50 (0.40, 3.18) | 1.84 (0.79, 3.50) | 2.80 (1.60, 4.34) | 0.000 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 35.3 (30.3, 40.6) | 36.6 (29.7, 41.3) | 38.0 (32.2, 42) | 38.8 (29.7, 41.4) | 37.0 (33.0, 40.9) | 0.084 |
| Creatinine (µM) | 63.4 (56.7, 70.8) | 86.0 (80.0, 92.5) | 125.7 (112.5, 146.5) | 218.4 (190.8, 252.7) | 615.3 (443.4, 851.5) | 0.000 |
| BUN (nM) | 4.31 (3.59, 5.19) | 5.34 (4.56, 6.14) | 7.43 (6.11, 9.12) | 11.33 (9.72, 14.38) | 22.58 (17.85, 28.93) | 0.000 |
| Uric acid (µM) | 326.2 (269.9, 376.0) | 372.8 (324.4, 437.2) | 397.1 (335, 470.2) | 401.4 (336.3, 474.5) | 434.9 (349.2, 516) | 0.000 |
| ALP (U/L) | 53.5 (43.9, 62.9) | 55.7 (45.2, 69.4) | 60.4 (46.4, 73.8) | 63.4 (50.2, 75.2) | 67.0 (51.4, 82.0) | 0.000 |
| TC (mM) | 4.53 (3.82, 5.63) | 4.40 (3.71, 5.62) | 4.18 (3.61, 5.28) | 3.85 (3.32, 4.69) | 3.96 (3.24, 5.01) | 0.000 |
| TG (mM) | 1.67 (1.18, 2.55) | 1.8 (1.26, 2.46) | 1.85 (1.23, 2.83) | 1.75 (1.26, 2.69) | 1.82 (1.26, 2.33) | 0.779 |
| HDLC (mM) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.43) | 1.10 (0.88, 1.36) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.29) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.26) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.14) | 0.000 |
| LDLC (mM) | 2.91 (2.26, 3.79) | 2.75 (2.22, 3.53) | 2.62 (1.99, 3.67) | 2.17 (1.72, 3.10) | 2.32 (1.70, 3.00) | 0.000 |
| Hcy (µM) | 10.7 (8.6, 13.4) | 13.9 (11.8, 17.7) | 18.6 (15.4, 24.2) | 23.3 (17.2, 31.5) | 27.6 (19.6, 36.9) | 0.000 |
| Cystatin-C (mg/L) | 0.86 (0.74, 0.95) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.17) | 1.58 (1.33, 1.86) | 2.47 (2.21, 2.94) | 4.43 (3.79, 5.36) | 0.000 |
| TIBC (µM) | 46.8 (40.7, 52.6) | 44.9 (39.7, 50.6) | 44.0 (36.8, 49.5) | 40.8 (36.3, 46.3) | 40.6 (34.7, 47.5) | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.50 (5.20, 6.05) | 5.50 (5.20, 5.80) | 5.85 (5.25, 6.50) | 6.10 (5.40, 6.80) | 5.50 (5.20, 6.20) | 0.008 |
| IgA (mg/dl) | 227 (177, 325) | 239 (188, 338) | 247 (188, 321) | 219 (170, 300) | 220 (168, 285) | 0.206 |
| IgM (mg/dl) | 97.9 (67.8, 132.0) | 84.9 (62.5, 121.0) | 90.5 (62.8, 118.0) | 92.4 (54.5, 133.0) | 68.4 (48.8, 96.3) | 0.002 |
| IgG (mg/dl) | 931 (684, 1114) | 933 (661, 1190) | 997 (779, 1250) | 1040 (783, 1290) | 995 (748, 1220) | 0.029 |
| C3 (mg/dl) | 109.0 (92.7, 122.0) | 108.0 (93.8, 120.0) | 102.0 (86.9, 116.0) | 94.4 (81.7, 111.0) | 88.5 (71.2, 106.0) | 0.000 |
| C4 (mg/dl) | 23.4 (18.8, 29.4) | 24.7 (20.6, 29.2) | 26.0 (21.5, 30.7) | 26.1 (21.9, 33.6) | 26.7 (22.4, 32.0) | 0.004 |
Note: results were from blood samples unless otherwise specified; data were expressed as median (IQR); BMI body mass index; WBC white blood cell; Hb hemoglobin; CRP C-reactive protein; BUN blood urea nitrogen; ALP alkaline phosphatase; TC total cholesterol; TG triglyceride; HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hcy homocysteine; TIBC total iron binding capacity; HbA1c glycated hemoglobin; C3 complement component 3; C4 complement component 4