. 2021 Aug 11;18(16):8487. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168487

Table 3.

Comparing the effects of the physical exercise program on cognitive function and depression.

Variables	Group	Pretest Mean ± SD	Posttest Mean ± SD	Differences Mean ± SD	t^† or U	p ^‡
Cognitive condition	Exp	23.22 ± 3.94	23.38 ± 3.75	0.16 ± 1.55	5706.00 ^§	0.173
Cognitive condition	Con	23.61 ± 4.13	23.83 ± 4.29	0.22 ± 2.16	5706.00 ^§	0.173
Depressive symptom	Exp	3.02 ± 2.87	2.69 ± 2.58	−0.33 ± 2.52	−2.94	0.002
Depressive symptom	Con	3.58 ± 3.64	4.38 ± 3.61	0.80 ± 3.05	−2.94	0.002

^† independent t-test; ^‡ one-tailed p value; ^§ Mann–Whitney U test; Exp = experimental group; Con = control group; SD = standard deviation of the mean.