. 2021 Aug 11;18(16):8487. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168487

Table 4.

Comparing the effects of the physical exercise program on physical ability.

Variables	Group	Pretest Mean ± SD	Posttest Mean ± SD	Differences Mean ± SD	t^† or U	p ^‡
Upper limb strength (frequency)	Exp	16.13 ± 4.70	18.07 ± 5.16	1.95 ± 3.42	2.27	0.012
Upper limb strength (frequency)	Con	16.51 ± 5.00	17.19 ± 6.06	0.68 ± 4.53	2.27	0.012
Upper body flexibility (cm)	Exp	−16.69 ± 12.27	−16.77 ± 13.63	−0.07 ± 10.82	1.74 *	0.189
Upper body flexibility (cm)	Con	−12.63 ± 18.06	−16.31 ± 14.89	−3.69 ± 13.80	1.74 *	0.189
Lower limb strength (frequency)	Exp	12.09 ± 3.41	13.21 ± 3.70	1.13 ± 3.22	3.86	<0.001
Lower limb strength (frequency)	Con	11.51 ± 4.10	11.11 ± 4.04	−0.40 ± 2.69	3.86	<0.001
Balance (sec)	Exp	15.65 ± 22.69	26.06 ± 31.66	10.42 ± 30.98	−0.45	0.327
Balance (sec)	Con	14.12 ± 20.90	26.34 ± 31.56	12.22 ± 28.79	−0.45	0.327
Mobility (sec)	Exp	11.03 ± 4.21	11.46 ± 3.46	0.43 ± 3.23	5646.50 ^§	0.166
Mobility (sec)	Con	11.81 ± 5.33	13.53 ± 11.10	1.73 ± 10.73	5646.50 ^§	0.166

^† independent t-test; ^‡ one-tailed p value; * ANCOVA; ^§ Mann–Whitney U test; Exp = experimental group; Con = control group; SD = standard deviation of the mean.