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. 2021 Aug 27;53(8):1229–1237. doi: 10.1038/s12276-021-00658-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Across SARS-CoV-2 genes, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) was estimated using the 192-context model (Methods). The vertical bar indicates bootstrap variability, reflecting the size of each gene. The dN/dS ratio estimated from the entire coding region is shown as the first tick on the x-axis. Circles and triangles indicate the dN/dS ratio calculated based on the Goldman and Yang and the Muse and Gaut models, respectively.