Table 3.
Study characteristics.
| Author and Year | Study Design | Localization | NoFx | NoSFx | Conservative or Closed Fixation | ORIF | External Restraint |
Other Primary Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu 2019 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 26 | 26 | 23 | |||
| Liu 2017 | Retrospective | TN | 22 | 21 | 21 | |||
| Xue 2014 | Retrospective | TN | 31 | 22 | 9 | 22 | ||
| Chen 2014 | Retrospective | TN | 44 | 38 | 38 | |||
| Ohl 2011 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Tang 2010 | Retrospective | TN | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||
| Pogliacomi 2009 | Retrospective | TN, TB, TH | 16 | 13 | NR | |||
| Vallier 2004 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 56 | 56 | 37 | 19 | ||
| Lindvall 2004 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 26 | 26 | NR | 7 | ||
| Schulze 2002 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 80 | 80 | 67 | 1 | 12 | |
| Besch 2002 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 23 | 23 | 22 | 5 | 4 | |
| Elgafy 2000 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 60 | 48 | ||||
| Kankare 1998 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 6 | 6 | 8 | |||
| Schwarz 1997 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 19 | 9 | 5 | |||
| Frawley 1995 | Retrospective | TN, TB, TH | 28 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Freund 1988 | Retrospective | TN | 7 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |
| Szyszkowitz 1985 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 85 | 85 | 23 | 54 | 8 | |
| Santavirta 1984 | Retrospective | TN, TB, TH | 35 | 11 | 7 | 4 | ||
| Penny 1980 | Retrospective | TN | 40 | 30 | NR | 9 | ||
| Lemaire 1980 | Retrospective | TH | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||
| Zifko 1979 | Retrospective | TN, TB, TH | 137 | 24 | NR | NR | NR | |
| Canale 1978 | Retrospective | TN | 71 | 57 | NR | 25 | 11 | |
| Lorentzen 1977 E | Retrospective | TN | 123 | 20 | 33 | 14 | 2 | |
| Peterson 1977 | Retrospective | TN | 46 | 29 | 14 | 7 | 8 | |
| Sneppen 1977 | Retrospective | TN | 51 | 9 | 9 | |||
| Gilquist 1974 | Retrospective | TN, TB | 28 | 13 | 9 | 13 | ||
| Pantazopoulos 1974 | Retrospective | TN | 20 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 1 | |
| Hawkins 1970 | Retrospective | TN | 55 | 34 | 24 | 22 | ||
| Herwig 1967 | Retrospective | TN, TB, TH | 22 | 13 | 9 | 4 |
NoFx: number of fractures; NoSFx: number of surgically treated fractures; ORIF: open fixation or open reduction with internal fixation; TN: talar neck; TB: talar body; TH: talar head; NR: not reported.