Table 2.

Comparison of pre- and post-intervention effectiveness between the two groups.

Variable	Intervention Group (n = 62)	Comparison Group (n = 60)	t	p Value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Kihon Checklist
Pre-intervention	8.08 ± 4.82	6.57 ± 3.67	1.845	0.068
Post-intervention	5.84 ± 4.15	6.65 ± 3.76	−1.130	0.261
Paired t-test (p value)	8.144 (<0.001)	−1.692 (0.096)
Total physical fitness score
Pre-intervention	18.37 ± 7.47	16.45 ± 4.30	1.748	0.084
Post-intervention	21.95 ± 7.26	15.93 ± 4.11	5.654	<0.001
Paired t-test (p value)	−7.961 (<0.001)	4.305 (<0.001)
BMI
Pre-intervention	23.58 ± 3.51	23.82 ± 5.10	−0.309	0.758
Post-intervention	23.67 ± 3.49	23.90 ± 5.09	−0.291	0.772
Paired t-test (p value)	0.904 (0.369)	3.113 (0.003)
MMSE total score
Pre-intervention	26.74 ± 2.45	26.88 ± 1.96	−0.353	0.725
Post-intervention	27.63 ± 2.25	26.72 ± 2.07	2.331	0.021
Paired t-test (p value)	3.935 (<0.001)	−1.932 (0.058)
Geriatric depression
Pre-intervention	2.18 ± 2.24	2.10 ± 2.30	0.188	0.851
Post-intervention	1.55 ± 1.52	2.10 ± 2.00	−1.719	0.088
Paired t-test (p value)	−4.608(<0.001)	0.000 (>0.999)