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. 2021 Jul 31;10(8):1955. doi: 10.3390/cells10081955

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Activation via common γcR constitutes ‘secondary signaling’. Downstream signaling of the common gamma receptor (γcR) family is shown. IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-21, and IL-15 activate Janus Kinases 1/3 (JAK), which undergo receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Signal transducer activating transcripts (STAT) are recruited and phosphorylated. Dimerization of phosphorylated STAT translocates to the nucleus to promote various functional outcomes. Also, IL-15 can signal via PI(3)K promoting the conversion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) to phosphatidylinositol 3, 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₃), which activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling cascade.