Table 3.
Reading task: Outcome measure results of study participant’s pre- and post-chiropractic intervention versus active control.
| Intervention | Significance | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiropractic Intervention | Control Intervention | Group Effect p Value | Group by Time Interaction p Value | ||||||||
| Outcome + | n | Pre | n | Post | n | Pre | n | Post | |||
| Reading time | M (SD) | 25 † | 4016.93 (1894.50) | 23 † | 3370.06 (1508.91) | 23 † | 3548.76 (1637.85) | 24 † | 3440.41 (1971.01) | 0.034 | 0.035 |
| Number of forward fixations | M (SD) | 25 † | 2.37 (1.14) | 23 † | 2.13 (0.96) | 23 † | 2.24 (1.15) | 24 † | 2.18 (1.00) | ^ | ^ |
| Forward fixation time | M (SD) | 25 † | 970.94 (645.49) | 23 † | 894.16 (514.45) | 23 † | 854.42 (469.52) | 24 † | 885.23 (604.58) | ^ | ^ |
| Number reverse fixations | M (SD) | 18 * | 1.21 (0.45) | 20 * | 1.04 (0.21) | 16 * | 1.22 (0.46) | 19 * | 1.17 (0.59) | ^ | ^ |
| Reverse fixation time | M (SD) | 18 * | 867.15 (672.2) | 20 * | 755.39 (555.85) | 16 * | 678.89 (506.73) | 19 * | 727.23 (559.7) | ^ | ^ |
| Forward saccade length | M (SD) | 25 † | 407.61 (135.41) | 23 † | 400.86 (117.50) | 23 † | 398.41 (96.74) | 24 † | 392.77 (88.19) | ^ | ^ |
| Reverse saccade length | M (SD) | 18 * | 284.24 (280.78) | 20 * | 223.12 (150.09) | 16 * | 253.37 (191.97) | 19 * | 223.76 (142.95) | ^ | ^ |
Note: + = per sentence. n † are participants able to calibrate, n * are participants who exhibited a reverse reading behaviour. Time is milliseconds and length in pixels. p value significance set at 0.05. ^ = unable to perform group effect or group by time analysis as data was not normally distributed after attempted data transformation to a normal distribution.