Figure 2.

Natural phenolic compounds target NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways. Some compounds inhibit the activation or translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, as well as inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. These actions impair the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the secretion of mature IL-1β. The inhibitory activities of natural phenolic compounds on NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathways ameliorate exacerbated immune activation and reduces proinflammatory cytokines production during infections (Dashed lines = Inhibition. Green, blue, pink and gray balls represent inflammatory cytokines = IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12, respectively).