Table 4.
Results for diagnostics, treatment and palliative care.
| Author and Year | Cancer Type | Outcomes | Study Results (Proportion of Patients Received) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging/Staging/Diagnostics | |||
| Anania et al., 2019 [17] | Colorectal cancer | (1) Colonoscopy (2) CT (3) MRI (4) Ultrasound |
(1) 57.7% * vs 78.4% * (2) 24.4% vs. 82.4%; p < 0.01 (3) 4.4% vs. 62.7%; p < 0.01 (4) 15.6% vs. 23.5%; p = NS |
| Fernando et al., 2017 [20] | Colorectal cancer | (1) CT abdomen (2) CT chest (3) Colonography (4) MRI (5) FDG-PET CT (6) X-ray chest (7) Ultrasound (8) col/sigmoidoscopy (9) biopsy (10) liver function tests (11) Carcinoembryonic antigen |
(1) 96.2% vs. 96.3%; p = 0.545 (2) 23.6% vs. 49.5%; p < 0.001 (3) 25.8% vs. 19.6%; p = 0.054 (4) 9.3% vs. 67.5%; p < 0.001 (5) 2.2% vs. 17.9%; p < 0.001 (6) 75.3% vs. 43.4% p < 0.001 (7) 5.5% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.467 (8) 85.7% vs. 89.3%; p = 0.127 (9) 81.9% vs. 88.2%; p = 0.025 (10) 23.6% vs. 29.8%; p = 0.068 (11) 79.1% vs. 78.2%; p = 0.446 |
| Foucan et al., 2020 [37] | Colon cancer | CT scans | 46.6% vs. 66.6%; p < 0.001 |
| Freeman et al., 2015 [40] | NSCLC | Complete staging | 67% vs. 91%; p < 0.001 |
| Maurizi et al., 2017 [36] | Rectal cancer | (1) MRI, (2) CEA testing (3) colonoscopy (4) CT (5) Endoscopic rectal ultrasound (6) Post-therapy preoperative restaging with MRI |
(1) 23.33% vs. 51.43%; p = 0.010 (2) 46.67% vs. 65.71%; p = 0.061 (3) 86.67% vs. 85.71; p = 0.456 (4) 90.00% vs. 97.14%; p = 0.116 (5) 16.67% vs. 25.71%; p = 0.188 (6) 26.67% vs. 34.29%; p = 0.254 |
| Richardson et al., 2016 [28] | Rectal cancer | (1) Colonoscopy | (1) 95% vs. 100% (MDTM year 1) vs. 96% (MDTM year (2) p = 0.3828 |
| Palmer et al., 2011 [27] | Rectal cancer | Preoperative local staging: (1) MRI exams (2) Endorectal ultrasonography Preoperative distant staging (3) CT/MRI abdomen (4) Ultrasound abdomen (5) Chest CT or X-ray |
(1) 89.9% * vs. 98.5% * (2) 21.2% * vs 4.6% * (3) 57.6% * vs. 75.4% * (4) 52.5% * vs 40.0% * (5) 100% * vs 100%* |
| Tamburini et al., 2018 [44] | NSCLC | Rate of complete preoperative evaluation | 64% vs. 93% (p < 0.001). |
| Ye at al. 2012 [35] | Colorectal cancer | (1) CT examination performed before operation (2) CT TNM staging performed before operation (3) accurate TNM staging |
(1) 30.3% vs. 55.7%; p < 0.001 (2) 41.1% vs. 81.3%; p < 0.001 (3) 45.9% vs. 64.0%; p = 0.044 |
| Surgery | |||
| Anania et al., 2019 [17] | Colorectal cancer | Surgical type: (1) Total mesorectal excision (2) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (3) Open miles procedure (4) Laparoscopic miles procedure |
(1) 2.2% vs. 13.7% (2) 88.9% vs. 68.6% (3) 2.2% vs. 0% (4) 6.7% vs 17.6 |
| Boxer et al., 2011 [38] | Lung cancer | (1) Surgery (2) Surgery stratified per stage |
(1) 13% vs. 12%; p = 0.84 (2) NSCLC stages I +II (61% vs. 49%; p = 0.25) NSCLC stage III (26% vs. 16%; p = 0.16) NSCLC stage IV (0% vs. 2%; p = 0.13) |
| Brandão et al., 2020 [55] | Breast cancer | (1) Surgery (ever) (2) Surgery type (first treatment) (a) Total mastectomy (b) Tumorectomy |
(1) 80.6% vs. 82.2% (p = 0.858) (2) (a) 94.9% vs. 89.8% (b) 5.1% vs. 10.2 p = 0.257 |
| Foucan et al., 2020 [37] | Colon cancer | Surgery | 61.3% vs. 86.8%; p = 0.004 |
| Freeman et al., 2015 [40] | NSCLC | Non-therapeutic surgical procedure | 4% vs. 2%; p < 0.001 |
| Lan et al., 2016 [23] | Colorectal cancer | Surgical resection of: (1) primary tumor (2) metastatic foci (3) liver metastasis (4) lung metastasis |
(1) 88.5% vs 82.7%; p = 0.007 (2) 21.7% vs. 29.8%; p = 0.003 (3) 19.6% vs. 35.2%; p < 0.001 (4) 12.4% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.803 |
| Muthukrishnan et al., 2020 [47] | Lung cancer | Surgery | 17.0% vs. 16.4% |
| Palmer et al.* 2011 [27] | Rectal cancer | Types of surgery: (1) no surgery (2) explorative laparotomy (3) resection of rectal cancer |
(1) 4.0% vs. 7.7% (2) 21.1% vs. 10.8% (3) 74.7% vs. 81.5% p = 0.024 |
| Richardson et al., 2016 [28] | Rectal cancer | (1) Appropriate abdomino-peritoneal resections treatment (2) Surgical type: (a) Transanal (minimally) invasive surgery (b) Low Anterior Resection (c) Transanal Transabdominal Low Anterior Resection (d) Abdominal-peritoneal resection |
(1) 50% vs. 71% (MDTM year 1) vs. 78% (MDTM year 2); p = 0.191 (2) (a) 22% vs. 18% (MDTM year 1) vs. 9% (MDTM year 2) (b) 69% vs. 63% (MDTM year 1) vs. 40% (MDTM year 2) (c) 0% vs. 3% (MDTM year 1) vs. 7% (MDTM year 2) (d) 10% vs. 18% (MDTM year 1) vs. 43% (MDTM year 2); p = 0.002 |
| Swellengrebel et al., 2011 [31] | Rectal cancer | (1) Surgical type: (a) Low Anterior Resection (b) Hartmann procedure (c) Abdominal Perineal Resection (d) No surgery |
(1) (a) 71% vs 41% (b) 9% vs 17% (c) 19% vs 40% (d) 1% vs 2% |
| Tamburini et al., 2018 [44] | NSCLC | (1) Surgical type: (a) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (b) exploratory thoracotomy |
(1) (a) 48% vs. 9%; p = 0.001 (b) 3% vs 1.8%; p = 0.31 |
| Vaughan-Shaw et al., 2015 [32] | Rectal cancer | Surgical treatment: (1) local excision (2) less resection (3) declined surgery |
(1) 15.8% vs 83.3% (2) 79.0% vs. 16.7% (3) 5.3% vs. 0% |
| Wanis et al., 2017 [33] | Colorectal cancer with liver metastasis | Resection order | MDTM group significantly more likely (p < 0.001) to undergo simultaneous resection of the primary colorectal tumor and liver metastases. |
| Wille-Jørgensen et al., 2013 [34] | Rectal cancer | Surgery | 88% vs. 86% |
| Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy | |||
| Boxer et al., 2011 [38] | Lung cancer | (1) Radiotherapy (a) overall (b) stratified per NSCLC stage (c) stratified per SCLC stage (2) Chemotherapy (a) overall (b) stratified per NSCLC stage (c) stratified per SCLC stage |
(1) (a) 33% vs. 66%; p < 0.001. (b) stages I + II (17% vs. 54%; p < 0.001) stage III (46% vs. 71%; p = 0.01) stage IV (43% vs. 68%; p < 0.001) (c) limited stage (71% vs. 89%; p = 0.28), extensive stage (46% vs. 50%; p = 0.72). (2) (a) 29% vs. 46%; p = 0.001. (b) stages I + II (15% vs. 18%; p = 0.67), stage III (39% vs. 43%; p = 0.72), stage IV (29% vs. 42%; p = 0.01), (c) SCLC limited stage (71% vs. 100%; p = 0.72), SCLC extensive stage (76% vs. 75%; p = 0.89). |
| Brandão et al., 2020 [55] | Breast cancer | (1) Radiotherapy (first treatment) (2) Chemotherapy |
(1) p = 0.175 (2) 91.8% vs. 96.3%; p = 0.237 |
| Bydder et al., 2009 [39] | NSCLC | (1) Radical radiotherapy/Chemoradiotherapy (2) Chemotherapy |
(1) 6% vs. 10%; p = 0.318 (2) 29% vs. 42%; p = 0.141 |
| Freeman et al., 2015 [40] | NSCLC | Radio and/or chemotherapy before tissue diagnosis | 5% vs. 3%; p < 0.001 |
| Lan et al., 2016 [23] | Colorectal cancer | (1) Chemotherapy (2) Radiotherapy |
(1) 75.9% vs. 83.8 %; p = 0.002 (2) 9.6% vs. 20.5 %; p < 0.001 |
| MacDermid et al., 2009 [24] | Colorectal cancer | (1) Primary adjuvant chemotherapy (a) Overall (b) Dukes B (c) Dukes C (2) Preoperative radiotherapy |
(1) (a) 13% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.001
(b)1.5% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.002 (c) 31.9% vs. 58.6%; p = 0.004(2) 24.4% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.462 |
| Muthukrishnan et al., 2020 [47] | Lung cancer | (1) Radiation (2) Chemotherapy (3) Chemo-radiation. |
(1) 17.9% vs. 20.0% (2) 14.2% vs. 18.2% (3) 28.3% vs. 32.7% |
| Palmer et al., * 2011 [27] | Rectal cancer | Preoperative treatments: (1) No treatment (2) Short radiotherapy (3) Long radiotherapy (4) Radio-chemotherapy (5) Chemotherapy (6) Unknown |
(1) 42.4% vs. 21.5% (2) 41.4% vs. 13.8% (3) 5.1% vs. 30.8% (4) 9.1% vs. 29.2% (5) 1.0% vs 1.5% (6) 1.0% vs. 3.1% |
| Wanis et al., 2017 [33] | Colorectal cancer with liver metastasis | Chemotherapy | NS |
| Wille-Jørgensen et al., 2013 [34] | Rectal cancer | Preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy | 19% vs. 25% |
| Ye et al., 2012 [35] | Colorectal cancer | (1) Adjuvant chemotherapy (a) Overall (b) stage I (c) stage IIA (d) stage IIB (e) stage IIIA (f) stage IIIB (g) stage IIIC (h) stage IV (2) Adjuvant radiotherapy |
(1) (a) 82.8%* vs. 49.3% *; p < 0.001
(b) 64.4%* vs 0% *; p < 0.001 (c) 82.2%* vs. 12.2% *; p < 0.001 (d) 80.0%* vs. 100% *; p = 0.183 (e) 84.6%* vs. 90.9%; p = 0.577 (f) 93.0% * vs. 91.1% *; p = 0.728 (g) 93.1% * vs. 86.1% *; p = 616 (h) 83.3% * vs. 88.4% *; p = 0.750 2) 0.3% * vs. 10.1% *; p < 0.001 |
| Palliative Care and Hospice Referral | |||
| Boxer et al., 2011 [38] | Lung cancer | Referral to palliative care | 53% vs 66%; p < 0.001 |
| Bydder et al., 2009 [39] | NSCLC | (1) Palliative radiotherapy only (2) Palliative care only |
(1) 35% vs. 25%; p = 0.152 (2) 29% vs. 23%; p = 0.204 |
| Freeman et al., 2015 [40] | NSCLC | Palliative or hospice care | 4% vs. 9%; p < 0.001 |
| MacDermid et al., 2009 [24] | Colorectal cancer | Palliative chemotherapy | 32.5% vs. 44%; p = 0.431 |
| Muthukrishnan et al., 2020 [47] | Lung cancer | Hospice referral | 22.6% vs. 12.7% |
| Stone et al., 2018 [43] | Lung cancer | Referral to palliative care | 78.0% vs. 85.3%; p = 0.06 |
| Other | |||
| Anania et al., 2019 [17] | Colorectal cancer | Neo-adjuvant therapy | The MDTM cohort showed a significantly higher use of neo-adjuvant therapy (22.2% vs. 56.9%; p < 0.01). |
| Brandão et al., 2020 [55] | Breast cancer | Endocrine therapy (first treatment) | p = 0.888 |
| Bydder et al., 2009 [39] | NSCLC | ‘Active’ treatment | 35% vs. 52%; p = 0.288 |
| Foucan et al., 2020 [37] | Colon cancer | Treatment type (surgery and chemotherapy): (1) Overall (2) Stratified per stage: (a) Stage I (b) Stage II (c) Stage III (d) Stage IV |
(1) NS (2) (a) p = 1.00 (b) 0.869 (c) p = 0.042 (d) p < 0.001 |
| Maurizi et al., 2017 [36] | Rectal cancer | Neoadjuvant therapy | 33.33% vs. 42.86%; p = 0.216 |
| Tsai et al., 2020 [56] | Breast cancer | Treatment combinations | p = 0.211 |
Results, if available, comparing patients in MDTM group and non-MDTM group, are shown as (‘results non-MDTM group’ vs. ‘results MDTM group’, p-value). MDTM = multidisciplinary team meeting, NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer SCLC = small cell lung cancer. * = percentages where calculated by the authors (L.K. and H.W.). P-values < 0.05 were considered significant, annotated in bold.