Figure 5.

Boxplots showing the interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in cell culture media of hepatocyte—non-parenchymal cells in (Study 1: (A) and Study 2: (B)) and 3D (Study 1: (C) and Study 2: (D)) co-cultures detected by a chicken specific ELISA assay (n_{study 1} = 6/group, n_{study 2} = 5/group). Relative concentrations were calculated by considering the mean value of control cultures as 1. The “CTR” refers to control cells that received none of the treatments. The treatments were: LPS10 and LPS50 = 10 and 50 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, LTA10 and LTA50 = 10 and 50 µg/mL lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Staphylococcus aureus, ETxB-1 and -2 = 20 and 50 µg/mL subunit B of heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, Flag-1 and -2 = 100 and 250 ng/mL flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium, PMA-1 and -2 = 100 and 1000 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), poly-IC-1 and -2= 50 and 100 µg/mL polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Asterisks over the boxes refer to significant differences compared to “CTR” cells within the same cell culture model and the same study. * p < 0.05.