Figure 2.

Summary of the epigenetic mechanisms behind PDA metastasis. Metastatic PDA tumors have aberrant epigenetic profiles that are different from PDA primary tumors. Nucleosome remodeling and histone modification (e.g., acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9) increase chromatin accessibility, allowing for transcription factor binding and gene transcription. On the other hand, DNA methylation of CpG islands leads to gene repression. These processes are mediated by epigenetic regulators, some of which are noted in the figure.