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. 2021 Aug 18;9(8):1040. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081040

Table 1.

Physiological plasma concentrations of hormones and treatment concentrations used in this study.

Hormone Plasma
Hormone Levels
Concentrations Used Reference
Norepinephrine 0.3–0.7 μg/mL 16.1 μg/mL [19]
Acetylcholine 0.036–0.584 μg/mL 14.6 μg/mL [20]
Triiodothyronine (T3) 1.7–4.2 pg/mL 1000 pg/mL [21]
Thyroxine (T4) 7–18 pg/mL 1000 pg/mL [22]
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) 20–115 ng/mL 1000 ng/mL [23]
Cortisol 29–250 ng/mL 1 μg/mL [24]
Aldosterone 330–550 pg/mL 1000 pg/mL [25]
Insulin 0.3–0.5 ng/mL 10 μg/mL [26]
Glucagon 40–50 pg/mL 500 pg/mL [27]
5α-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 0.4–6 ng/mL 100 ng/mL [28]
0.1–1 ng/mL [29]
Progesterone (P4) 0.2–25 ng/mL 100 ng/mL [30]
1.5 ng/mL [31]
Estrone (E1) 3–4 pg/mL 100pg/mL [32]
28.2 pg/mL [33]
17β-estradiol (E2) 0.5–9 pg/mL 100 pg/mL [34]
0.6–7.1 pg/mL [35]
Estriol (E3) <200 pg/mL 500 pg/mL [36]
7.9–11.1 pg/mL [37]