Figure 4.

Effects of financial expenditure per capita of public health (A–C), ambulance and fire services (D–F), and education (G–I) of prefectures and municipalities on regional suicide mortality of males and females together (A,D,G), males (B,E,H), and females (C,F,I) from 2009 to 2018 using fixed- or random-effect analysis of hierarchal linear regression with robust standard error. Ordinates and abscissas, SDR of suicide mortalities (per 100,000 population) and centralised expenditure per capita of prefectures plus municipalities (JPY 10,000), respectively. Black, blue, and red lines, slope of fixed effects, standard deviation of fixed effects, and fixed effects with random effects, respectively.