Table 4.
Health-promoting effects of almond and its by-products on chronic diseases.
| Cholesterol-Lowering and Obesity-Preventing Effects | |
|---|---|
| Reduction of TC, LDL-C, ApoB levels | [9] |
| Improvement of lipoprotein profile and inhibition of LDL-C oxidation | [42] |
| Reduction of body adiposity, body mass index, and body weight | [77] |
| Cardioprotective effects | |
| Reduction of atherogenic index | [80] |
| Reduction of blood pressure | [81] |
| Antidiabetic effects | |
| Reduction of blood glucose level via GLP-1 production | [82] |
| Reduction of carbohydrate absorption | [83] |
| Reduction of insulin resistance in diabetic patients | [84] |
| Hepatoprotective effects | |
| Reduction of serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels | [40,85] |
| Induction of liver antioxidant enzymes: SOD, GPx, CAT | [40] |
| Neuroprotective effects | |
| Alzheimer-preventing mechanisms: anxiolytic, sedative, and memory-enhancing properties | [9,86] |
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CAT: catalase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; GLP-1: glycoprotein 1; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; LDL-C: low-density lypoprotein cholesterol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TC: total cholesterol.