Table 1.

The effect of HBOT on oxidative stress markers.

Main Aspect	Associated Markers	Stimulating Effect	No Effect	Inhibiting Effect
Causers of oxidative stress	Reactive oxygen species (including superoxide-ion and hydrogen peroxide)	[33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41]	[33,37,38,42,43]	[33,42,43,44]
	Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (including endothelial NOS and inducible NOS)	[34,45,46,47,48]	[49,50,51]	[52,53,54]
	Reactive nitrogen species (including nitric oxygen, nitrite and nitrate)	[33,34,45,49,55,56,57,58,59,60]	[33,46,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68]	[53,61,67,68,69,70,71,72,73]
	Hydrobenzoates	[74,75]	[74]
	Free fatty acid			[53]
	Myeloperoxidase			[34,62]
Lipid peroxidation	Isoprostanes	[76,77]	[78,79]
	Isofurans		[78]
	Malondialdehyde	[56,77,80,81,82]	[14,34,49,55,76,83]	[62,84]
	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances	[63,74,85,86,87]	[33,63,85,88,89,90]
	Lipid hydroperoxides	[36]	[91]	[92]
	Oxidized low-density lipoprotein		[82]
Protein peroxidation	Nitrotyrosine	[49]	[64]
	Advanced oxidation protein products			[77]
Carbohydrate peroxidation	Protein carbonyls	[93]
	Carbonyl group	[56]
	Protein carbonyl derivates		[55]
	Plasma carbonyl proteins		[83]	[82]
DNA/RNA damage	8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine		[83]	[82]
	Tail moment	[38,94,95,96]	[76,97,98]
	Sister chromatid exchange	[14]
Gene expression	Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2	[45]
Other residues of oxidative stress	Reactive oxygen metabolites	[80]
	Intracellular calcium concentration			[43]
Antioxidants	Total antioxidant capacity		[91,93,94,99]
	Catalase	[33,34,43,45,55,62,81,100]	[43,55,62,63,76,83,89,94,97]	[63,80,85]
	Superoxide dismutase	[55,56,81,84,100,101]	[14,33,55,62,63,76,83,89,94,97,102]	[80,85,86]
	Glutathione	[92]	[76,80,83,94]
	Glutathione disulfide		[76,101]
	Glutathione reductase		[55,62]
	Glutathione peroxidase	[34,63,82,85]	[14,55,62,63,76,80,83,89,94,100]	[63]
	Thiols		[88]	[93]
	Vitamin A		[80,94]
	Vitamin C		[94]
	Vitamin E		[80,94]
	Uric acid		[91,102]	[103]
	Heme oxygenase-1	[45,95,96,97]
	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1	[45]