Table A4.
Retrieved results on inflammation markers in detail.
| Study | Year | Design | Subjects | Methods | Type Inflammation Marker | Outcome | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount of Sessions |
Maximum Pressure (ATA) a | Moment of Sample Taking b | |||||||
| Akcali et al. [104] | 2018 | In vivo | 40 patients; CO poisoning | 1 | 2.4 | 6 h post-HBOT | hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 | No significant differences were found | |
| Alex et al. [127] | 2005 | In vivo | 64 patients; on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting | 3 (within 24 h) | 1.5/2.4 | Preoperative (4 h post-HBOT), 2 h postoperative, and 24 h postoperative | IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | IL-8: decrease preoperative TNF-α: increase 2 h postoperative IL-6: no significant differences were found |
On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in the follow-up period |
| Anguiano-Hernandez et al. [125] | 2019 | In vivo | 18 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 20 | 1.4 | Post-session #20 | IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB | IL-6: increase NF-κB: decrease in the nucleus IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10: no significant differences were found |
No significant differences in NF-κB levels were seen in the cytosol. The levels of IL-4 were below detection limits. |
| Aydin et al. [113] | 2013 | In vivo | 48 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 30 | 2.4 | ? | Insulin-like growth factor-1 | Increase | The level of significance was not determined |
| Baiula et al. [120] | 2020 | In vivo | 30 patients; chronic non-healing wound | 15 | 2.4 | Immediately post-session #4, #8, #12, and #15 and 1 month post-HBOT | IL-1β, TNF-α | IL-1β: decrease as of post-session #12 TNF-α: decrease as of post-session #12 |
|
| Benson et al. [121] | 2003 | In vitro | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 1 | 2.4 | ? | IL-1β, TNF-α | IL-1β: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
LPS-, lipid A- and PHA-induced IL-1β and TNF-α production was measured |
| Bent et al. [112] | 2012 | In vivo | 10 children; autism spectrum disorder | 80 | 1.5 | Post-session #40 and #80 | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α | No significant differences were found | |
| Bosco et al. [4] | 2014 | In vivo | 21 patients; pancreactico-duodenectomy | 1 | 2.5 | Post-HBOT, 1 day postoperative, and 7 days postoperative | IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | IL-6: decrease IL-10: decrease IL-1, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF-α: no significant differences were found |
Pancreaticoduodenectomy in the follow-up period |
| Bosco et al. [35] | 2018 | In vivo | 23 patients; unilateral femoral head necrosis | 60 | 2.5 | Post-session #15, #30, and #60 and pre-session #31 | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | IL-6: decrease TNF-α: decrease IL-1β: no significant differences were found |
|
| Chang et al. [102] | 2020 | In vivo | 10 healthy male volunteers | 1 | 2.8 | 30 min, 2 days, and 1 week post-HBOT | Albumin | No significant differences were found | |
| Chen et al. [106] | 2017 | In vivo | 38 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 20 | 2.5 | Post-session #10, post-session #20, and 2 weeks post-HBOT | CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate | CRP: decrease 2 weeks post-session Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: decrease 2 weeks post-session |
|
| Chen et al. [88] | 2018 | In vivo | 50 patients; acute non-cardioembolic stroke | 1 | 2.5 | 1 month post-HBOT | hs-CRP | No significant differences were found | |
| Chen et al. [67] | 2007 | In vivo | 61 patients; diabetes mellitus type 2 | 3 | 2.5 | Immediately post-session #1 and #3 | Insulin-like growth factor-1, IL-8 | No significant differences were found | |
| Chong et al. [118] | 2013 | In vivo | 17 patients; thermal burns | 2 | 2.4 | ? | IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, TNF-α | IFN-γ: increase IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13: no significant differences were found |
Outcome on TNF-α is not reported |
| Dhamodharan et al. [45] | 2019 | In vivo | 37 patients; diabetic foot ulcer | 25 | 2.2 | 20 days after the first HBOT-session | CRP, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | CRP: decrease IFN-γ: decrease IL-1α: increase IL-8: increase IL-10: increase TNF-α: no significant differences were found |
|
| Fan et al. [122] | 2020 | In vivo | 122 patients; Parkinson’s disease dementia | 40 | 20 MPA | ? | IL-1β, IL-6 | IL-1β: decrease IL-6: decrease |
|
| Fildissis et al. [128] | 2004 | In vitro | Blood samples from 16 healthy volunteers | 1 | 2.4 | ? | IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | No significant differences were found | |
| Guggino et al. [133] | 2019 | In vivo | 36 patients; primary fibromyalgia | 40 | 2 | 1 month post-HBOT | IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α | IFN-γ: decrease TNF-α: decrease IL-9, IL-17, IL-22: no significant differences were found |
|
| Hao et al. [111] | 2020 | In vivo | 30 patients; plastic surgery | 7 | 2 | 24 h post-HBOT | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α | IL-1Ra: increase IL-12p40: decrease Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α: no significant differences were found |
The samples were taken during surgery |
| Hedetoft et al. [114] | 2020 | In vivo | 39 patients; diabetes | 30 | 2.4 | Post-session #30 and after 90 days follow-up | Insuline-like growth factor-1 | Decrease after 90 days follow-up in the diabetic group | No significant differences in IGF-1 values were seen in the non-diabetic group |
| Hou et al. [129] | 2019 | In vivo | 132 patients; brain tumor | 10 | 1.8 | ? | IL-6, TNF-α | IL-6: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
|
| Irawan et al. [116] | 2018 | In vivo | 36 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 20 | 2.4 | Post-session #20 | Albumin | Increase | |
| Irawan et al. [117] | 2018 | In vivo | 30 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 10 | 2.4 | ? | Albumin | No differences were found | The level of significance was not determined |
| Karadurmus et al. [103] | 2010 | In vivo | 28 patients; diabetic foot ulcers | 30 | 2.4 | Post-session #10, #20, and #30 | hs-CRP | Decrease | |
| Kendall et al. [46] | 2012 | In vitro | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells | 1 | 2.4 | 5 h and 22.5 h post-HBOT | IL-8 | Decrease 5 h post-HBOT | |
| Li et al. [84] | 2017 | In vivo | 78 patients; chronic diabetic wounds | By average 48 | 2.4 | 30 days after the first session | CRP, TNF-α | CRP: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
|
| Li et al. [58] | 2018 | In vivo | 115 patients; coronary artery disease with drug-eluting stents | 24 | 2 | ? | hs-CRP | Decrease | |
| Li et al. [59] | 2019 | In vivo | 115 patients; coronary artery disease with coronary stent implantation | 24 | 2 | ? | hs-CRP | Decrease | |
| Li et al. [60] | 2018 | In vivo | 98 patients; slow coronary flow | 24 | 2 | ? | hs-CRP | Decrease | |
| Lin et al. [130] | 2018 | In vivo | 57 patients; peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 10–15 | 2.5 | Post-session #3 and #5 | IL-6 | Decrease | |
| Liu et al. [137] | 2020 | In vivo | 140 patients; unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss | 15 | 2 | ? | NF-κB, TNF-α | NF-κB: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
|
| MacKenzie et al. [126] | 2000 | In vitro | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 1 (duration: 48 h) | 1.7 | 7 days post-HBOT | IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 | No significant differences were found | The IL-4 values were below detection limits |
| Madden et al. [139] | 2011 | In vivo | 10 healthy male volunteers | 1 | 2.8 | Immediately post-HBOT and 4 h post-HBOT | NF-κB | Increase 4 h post-HBOT | |
| Nasole et al. [135] | 2014 | In vivo | 27 patients; chronic leg wounds | 40 | 2.5 | 7 and 14 days after the first HBOT-session | TNF-α | No significant differences were found | |
| Niu et al. [71] | 2013 | In vitro | Disc tissue from degenerated lumbar intervertebral discs | 3 | 2.5 | 24 h after each session | IL-1β | Decrease | |
| Niu et al. [52] | 2019 | In vitro | Abnormal disc tissues from degenerated lumbar intervertebral discs | 3 | 2.5 | 1 h post-session #3 | NF-κB | Decrease in the nucleus | |
| Niu et al. [72] | 2001 | In vitro | Disc tissue from degenerated lumbar intervertebral discs | 3 | 2.5 | 24 h after each session | IL-1β | Decrease | |
| Resanovic et al. [53] | 2019 | In vivo | 19 patients; type 1 diabetes mellitus | 10 | 2.4 | ? | CRP, NF-κB | CRP: decrease NF-κB: decrease |
|
| Rocco et al. [87] | 2001 | In vivo | 15 healthy volunteers | 1 | 2.8 | During HBOT and 30 min post-HBOT | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | TNF-α: increase during HBOT IL-1β, IL-6: no significant differences were found |
|
| Romero-valdovinos et al. [115] | 2011 | In vitro | Dermal fibroblasts | 30 | 3 | ? | Insulin-like growth factor-1 | Decrease in the keloid fibroblast group | The nonkeloid fibroblasts did not express IGF-1 |
| Rosario et al. [131] | 2018 | In vivo | 6 patients; ischemic stroke | 40 | 2 | ? | IL-6, TNF-α | IL-6: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
|
| Rossignol et al. [101] | 2007 | In vivo | 18 patients; children with autism | 40 | 1.3/1.5 | Within 24 h post-HBOT | CRP | Decrease | In the group with lower CRP baseline levels no decrease in CRP concentrations was seen |
| Rothfuss et al. [96] | 2002 | In vitro | Human lymphocytes | 2 | 1.5/3 | 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h post-HBOT | Ferritin | No significant differences were found | |
| Schnittger et al. [110] | 2004 | In vivo | 8 patients; CO poisoning | 3 (within 24 h) | 2.8 | Before and after each session | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IL-8 | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor: increase pre- and post-session #2 in the patient group IL-8: no significant differences were found |
No significant differences in granulocyte-colony stimulating factor values were seen in the control group |
| Semadi et al. [138] | 2019 | In vivo | 32 patients; diabetic foot ulcer | 20 | 2.4 | Post-session #20 | TNF-α | Decrease | |
| Song et al. [132] | 2018 | In vivo | 134 patients; keloid surgery and radiotherapy | 14 | 2 | Post-operation #2 | IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α | IL-6: decrease NF-κB: decrease TNF-α: decrease |
Keloid surgery and radiotherapy in the follow-up period |
| Sun et al. [119] | 2018 | In vivo | 80 patients; brain injury | 20 | 2 | 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-HBOT | IL-1β, TNF-α | TNF-α: decrease IL-1β: no significant differences were found |
Baseline values of TNF-α were significantly higher in the HBOT-group compared to the control group |
| Sun et al. [140] | 2019 | In vivo | 79 patients; acute spinal cord injury | 30 | 2 | Post session #1, #3, #7, #10, and #30 | NF-κB | Decrease post-session #3, #7, #10, and #30 | |
| Sureda et al. [62] | 2016 | In vivo | 14 patients; chronic non-healing wound | 20 | 2.2 | Pre- and 2 h post-session #1, #5, and #20 | IL-6 | Increase 2 h post-session #1, #5, and #20 | |
| Top et al. [107] | 2007 | In vivo | 38 patients; type 2 diabetes mellitus | ? | 2 | 2 weeks after the first HBOT-session | CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate | CRP: decrease Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: increase |
|
| Vezzani et al. [105] | 2016 | In vivo | 30 patients; CO poisoning | 1 | 2.5/2.8 | Immediately post-HBOT | CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | IL-8: decrease in the control group IL-10: decrease in the patient group TNF-α: decrease CRP, IL-6: no significant differences were found |
No significant differences regarding IL-8 and IL-10 were seen in respectively the patient group and the control group |
| Wang et al. [134] | 2011 | In vitro | Human coronary artery endothelial cells | 1 | 2.5 | ? | TNF-α | Increase during HBOT | The TNF-α values returned to the baseline values before the HBOT ended |
| Wang et al. [73] | 2011 | In vitro | Disc tissue from lumbar intervertebral discs | 1 | 2.5 | 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post-HBOT | IL-1β | Decrease | |
| Weisz et al. [124] | 1997 | In vivo | 7 patients; perianal Crohn’s disease | 20/40 | 2.5 | Immediately post-session #1, 24 h post-session #1, 20 h post-session #2, and 20 h post-session #20 | IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α | IL-1: decrease immediately and 24 h post-session #1 and 20 h post-session #2 IL-6: decrease immediately and 24 h post-session #1 and 20 h post-session #2 TNF-α: decrease immediately post-session #1 and 20 h post-session #2 |
|
| Wilkinson et al. [123] | 2015 | In vivo | 19 male volunteers; overweight/obese | 4 | 2 | During HBOT, immediately post-session #4, and 24 h post-session #4 | IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α | IL-6: increase during HBOT and immediately post-session #4 in the non-diabetes group TNF-α: decrease 24 h post-session #4 IL-1Ra, IL-18: no significant differences were found |
|
| Xie et al. [109] | 2007 | In vivo | 60 patients; craniocerebral injury | 10 | 2.5 | Within 24 h post-HBOT | CRP | Decrease | |
| Yildiz et al. [108] | 2016 | In vivo | 43 patients; hidradenitis suppurativa | 20 | 2.4 | Post-session #20 and 6 weeks post-HBOT | CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate | CRP: decrease Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: decrease |
|
| Yoshinoya et al. [136] | 2020 | In vitro | Adipose-derived stem cells | 5 | 2/3 | 90 min before and immediately after each session | TNF-α | No significant differences were found | The TNF-α values were below detection limits |
a All studies used a hyperbaric chamber for pressurization. b In minutes (min), hours (h), days, weeks, or months post-HBOT. The baseline measurement point has not been included. ? No information on the moment of sample taking (or just ‘post-HBOT’) was noted in the study.