Table 2.
Mendelian randomization studies about HDL and cardiovascular events.
| Publication | Gene | Effect on HDL-C Levels | CV Outcome | Expected Effect on CV Outcome | Observed Effect on CV Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frikke-Schmidt R. 2008 [69] |
ABCA1 | −17 mg/dL | ischemic heart disease | HR 1.70 (95%CI 1.57–1.85) | OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.53–1.62) |
| Johannsen TH. 2009 [73] |
LIPC | +16% (8 mg/dL) | ischemic heart disease | HR 0.87 (95%CI 0.84–0.90) | OR 1.19 (95%CI 0.76–1.88) |
| Haase CL. 2010 [74] |
APOA1 | +7.7% | ischemic heart disease myocardial infarction |
HR 0.93 (95%CI 0.91–0.94) HR 0.89 (95%CI 0.86–0.92) |
OR 1.10 (95%CI 0.89–1.35) OR 1.14 (95%CI 0.89–1.46) |
| Voight BF. 2012 [71] |
LIPG | +5.5 mg/dL | myocardial infarction | OR 0.87 (95%CI 0.84–0.91) | OR 0.99 (95%CI 0.88–1.11) |
| Haase CL. 2012 [72] |
LCAT | −13% (8 mg/dL) | myocardial infarction | HR 1.18 (95%CI 1.12–1.24) | OR 0.53 (95%CI 0.92–1.25) |
| Voight BF. 2012 [71] |
14 SNP score | - | myocardial infarction | OR 0.62 (95%CI 0.58–0.66) * | OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.68–1.26) * |
| Holmes MV. 2015 [75] |
19 SNP score | 8.9 mg/dL ^ | myocardial infarction | - | OR 0.91 (95%CI 0.42–1.98) ** |
| 48 SNP score | 3.1 mg/dL ^ | myocardial infarction | - | OR 0.81 (95%CI 0.44–1.46) ** |
^ mean difference comparing top to bottom quintiles of each allele score; * per 1 SD increase in HDL-C due to SNP score; ** per 1 mmol/L higher HDL-C. OR: odds ratio; HR hazard ratio. Genes. ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; APOA1: apolipoprotein A-I; LCAT: lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase; LIPC: hepatic lipase; LIPG: endothelial lipase; SCARB1: scavenger receptor class B type 1.