Table 1.

The PICOTS framework used to identify relevant food and nutrition literacy studies.

PICOTS	Inclusion	Exclusion
Population	U.S. adults (ages 18 years and older); and/or	Non-U.S. populations
	SNAP participants or SNAP-eligible adults	Children and adolescents
Intervention/Exposure	Nutrition or food literacy measured with specific tool; or Measurement of a food- or nutrition-relevant behavior, such as reading a nutrition label, for which there was a clear link to nutrition or food literacy.	Studies for which the main goal was to develop, assess or confirm the validity or reliability of a specific nutrition or food literacy assessment tool, unless the target population was SNAP adults.
Comparison	Control populations	No comparative population
Outcomes	One or more cognitive, behavioral, food security, or health status outcomes linked to food and/or nutrition literacy, including: Cognitive: awareness, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, self-efficacy, and/or skills. Behavioral: food purchasing, preparation, and/or reading a nutrition or product label. Food Security: individual- or household-level food security. Health: obesity measured by body mass index, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and/or cancer.	No outcomes relevant to food and/or nutrition literacy reported.
Time	Sources published from inception to 18 January 2021	Sources published after 18 January 2021
Setting/Study Design	Observational, cross-sectional, or intervention studies	Review articles Commentaries or editorials Poster presentations or abstracts Academic theses or dissertations

United States (U.S.); Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).