Table 5.

Recommended policies and actions for U.S. Congress, USDA and other stakeholders to update SNAP and SNAP-Ed and improve SNAP adults’ digital food and nutrition literacy skills.

Stakeholder	Recommended Policies and Actions
Government	U.S. Congress Authorize and appropriate adequate funding in the 2023 U.S. Farm Bill legislation to include digital food, nutrition, financial, and health literacy messages and interventions within SNAP and SNAP-Ed.
	U.S. Department of Agriculture Support the development, testing, and validation of a common multi-dimensional digital food and nutrition literacy assessment tool for SNAP adults that includes digital technology skills through USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Research Initiative funding. Incorporate digital, food, nutrition, financial, and marketing literacy skills training into SNAP-Ed and develop resources to support participants’ use of digital technology. Adopt the Center for Digital Democracy’s recommendations to better protect SNAP adults as they navigate the digital food retail ecosystem. Conduct a formal evaluation of the SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot program.
Other	Private Foundations, Academic Researchers, Professional Societies and Civil Society Organizations Support the development, testing, and validation of a multi-dimensional digital food and nutrition literacy assessment tool for SNAP adults. Food Retailers and Third-Party Affiliate Companies Update personal data and geolocation disclosures to make them easier for SNAP adults to read and comprehend where and how their personal information is being used.