Table 1.
Chemical compositions of essential oils derived from different parts of fennel and dill.
| Compound | RI | Fdf | Fdu | Fds | Fdr | Fhf | Fhu | Fhs | Fhr | Agf | Agu | Ags | Agr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Thujene | 929 | 0.18 ± 0.31 cd | - | 0.1 ± 0.05 d | - | 1.86 ± 0.18 b | - | 2.39 ± 0.43 a | - | - | - | 0.56 ± 0.44 c | - |
| α-Pinene | 0.56 ± 0.1 b | 0.06 ± 0.1 c | - | - | 1.64 ± 0.05 a | - | - | - | - | 0.06 ± 0.1 c | - | - | |
| (−)-β-Pinene | 990 | - | - | 0.26 ± 0 a | - | 0.27 ± 0.04 a | - | 0.35 ± 0.09 a | - | 0.07 ± 0.01 b | - | 0.15 ± 0.14 b | - |
| Fenchone | 1086 | 1.72 ± 0.17 c | 0.88 ± 0.14 d | - | - | 16.74 ± 0.61 a | 1.08 ± 0.18 d | 2.13 ± 0.06 b | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-Phellandrene | 1001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.14 ± 0.49 b | - | - | 3.87 ± 6.7 b | 28.44 ± 0.05 a | - |
| p-Cymene | 1022 | 0.05 ± 0 d | 0.04 ± 0.07 d | 1.1 ± 0.02 c | - | 0.28 ± 0.01 d | 0.07 ± 0.08 d | 2.25 ± 0.05 b | - | - | 2.12 ± 0.87 b | 25.67 ± 0.23 a | 0.14 ± 0.12 d |
| Limonene | 7.88 ± 2.13 bcd | 7.98 ± 7.9 bcd | 41.77 ± 0.55 a | - | 3.91 ± 0.24 cd | - | 12.58 ± 0.49 b | - | 50.19 ± 7.71 a | 15.53 ± 9.17 b | 10.39 ± 0.21 bc | - | |
| β-Ocimene, (Z)- | 1039 | 0.8 ± 0.4 b | 0.49 ± 0.49 bc | 2.26 ± 0.31 a | - | 0.2 ± 0.02 cde | 0.15 ± 0.02 cde | 0.41 ± 0.09 bcde | - | - | 0.06 ± 0.1 de | 0.43 ± 0.01 bcd | - |
| Dihydrocarvone, trans- | 1201 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.2 ± 0.29 b | 3.06 ± 0.78 a | - | - |
| Terpinolene | 1088 | - | - | 0.09 ± 0.08 b | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.26 ± 0.01 a | 0.16 ± 0.14 b |
| p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 1139 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.42 ± 0.07 a | - |
| Limonene oxide, trans- | 1137 | - | - | 1.05 ± 0.06 a | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Menthol | 1173 | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.02 b | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.21 ± 0.05 a | - |
| Dill ether | 1183 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.02 c | - | - | 5.32 ± 0.42 b | 28.5 ± 0.19 a | 0.34 ± 0.02 c |
| Estragole | 1220 | 85.56 ± 2.27 a | 81.58 ± 6.74 a | 45.25 ± 0.46 b | - | 3.33 ± 0.13 d | 0.42 ± 0.64 d | 24.62 ± 0.61 c | - | - | - | 2.29 ± 0.11 d | 2.5 ± 2.13 d |
| Fenchyl acetate | 1219 | - | 0.98 ± 0.09 b | 3.83 ± 0.62 a | 0.09 ± 0.08 b | - | 0.79 ± 0.11 b | 3.3 ± 2.46 a | - | - | - | - | 0.12 ± 0.11 b |
| Carvone | 1246 | - | - | - | 0.31 ± 0.05 c | - | - | 0.32 ± 0.04 c | - | 42.41 ± 2.92 b | 45.78 ± 4.7 a | 0.38 ± 0.23 c | 2.72 ± 0.29 c |
| Anethole | 1286 | 2.79 ± 0.53 f | 6.8 ± 1.94 e | 0.69 ± 0.8 fg | 1.24 ± 0.92 fg | 71.17 ± 1.08 b | 96.8 ± 0.37 a | 46.79 ± 1.68 c | 0.24 ± 0.17 g | - | - | - | 16.86 ± 1.95 d |
| α-Copaene | - | 0.03 ± 0.06 c | 0.31 ± 0.01 b | 0.45 ± 0.39 ab | - | - | - | 0.67 ± 0.04 a | - | - | - | - | |
| β-Caryophyllene | 1420 | - | 0.04 ± 0.04 b | 0.49 ± 0.02 a | 0.02 ± 0.03 b | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Germacrene D | 1484 | - | 0.41 ± 0.05 b | 0.73 ± 0.02 a | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.05 c | 0.15 ± 0.02 d | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dihydro-β-agarofuran | 1490 | - | - | - | 0.34 ± 0.03 a | - | - | - | 0.28 ± 0.01 b | - | - | - | - |
| Apiol | 1640 | - | - | 0.69 ± 0.51 d | 92.85 ± 1.77 a | - | - | 1.35 ± 0.18 d | 94.24 ± 0.87 a | 4.63 ± 4.85 d | 23.83 ± 9.65 c | - | 67.13 ± 0.49 b |
| Myristicin | - | - | - | 3.67 ± 0.91 a | - | - | - | 4.07 ± 0.85 a | - | - | - | 4.38 ± 0.12 a | |
| α-Cadinene | - | - | 0.13 ± 0.03 a | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| trans-Sedanolide | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 ± 0.01 b | - | - | - | 3.4 ± 0.09 a | |
| Total | 99.54 ± 0.05 | 99.29 ± 0.29 | 98.92 ± 0.09 | 98.96 ± 0.51 | 99.39 ± 0.06 | 99.61 ± 0.12 | 98.87 ± 0.34 | 99.6 ± 0.04 | 99.49 ± 0.31 | 99.63 ± 0.34 | 97.71 ± 0.66 | 97.75 ± 0.44 |
Notes: ‘-’ means not detected; data are mean ± standard deviation (SD); Means with different letters in a row are statistically significant (p < 0.05).